The chemical form of mercury in fish
The chemical form of mercury in fish
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1085941
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发表时间：
2003-08-29
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
George, GN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harris, HH;Pickering, IJ;George, GN
具有神经毒性的汞化合物的主要饮食来源是通过摄入鱼类体内积累的甲基汞。鱼类中的甲基汞与神经系统损伤（水螅病）（1）和心肌梗塞风险增加（2）有关。尽管其重要性，汞在动物组织中协调的完整化学身份仍然未知。任何元素的毒性都主要取决于其分子形式;例如，二烷基汞衍生物的毒性很低，因此被认为是超级毒性，而硒化汞的毒性相对较低，在海洋哺乳动物中积累为一种明显良性的解毒产物（3）。因此，了解潜在毒物的化学性质对于了解其毒性特性至关重要。汞在与非金属元素的配位方面非常灵活，其结构特征的物种表现出2到8之间的配位数（4）。X射线吸收光谱（XAS）非常适合于原位鉴定化学形式，但它以前没有太多应用于分子毒理学。从当地鱼市场获得新鲜鱼样品，否则将供人食用。三种鱼类--箭鱼的Hg LIII XAS（5）
The primary dietary source of neurotoxic mercury compounds is via the ingestion of methylmercury species accumulated in fish. Methylmercury from fish has been linked to neurological damage (Minamata disease)(1) and increased risk of myocardial infarction (2). Despite its importance, the complete chemical identity of the mercury coordination in animal tissue remains unknown. The toxic properties of any element are critically dependant on molecular form; for example, dialkylmercury derivatives are toxic at such low levels that they are considered supertoxic, whereas mercuric selenide has a relatively low toxicity and accumulates as an apparently benign detoxification product in marine mammals (3). Knowing the chemical nature of a potential toxicant is, thus, essential to understanding its toxic properties. Mercury is very flexible in its coordination of nonmetallic elements, with structurally characterized species exhibiting coordination numbers between two and eight (4). X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is ideally suited to identification of chemical forms in situ, but it previously has not been much applied to molecular toxicology. Samples of fresh fish, otherwise intended for human consumption, were obtained from a local fish market. The Hg LIII XAS (5) of three different fish—swordfish