Real and Artificial Differential Item Functioning
Real and Artificial Differential Item Functioning
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DOI：
10.3102/1076998611411913
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Hagquist, Curt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andrich, David;Hagquist, Curt
现代测验理论中关于在两组人群中识别具有差异项目功能（DIF）的项目的程序的文献包括Mantel-Haenszel（MH）程序。通常，没有明确认识到，如果在某些项目中存在有利于一个组的真实的DIF，则作为该过程的伪影，在其他项目中诱导有利于另一组的人为DIF。本文以二分反应的Rasch模型为理论基础，证明了MH过程中人为DIF的来源是用人的位置估计值代替其未知值。文章然后证明，人工DIF的形式化在数学上意味着（a）一个特定的顺序，用于检测具有真实的DIF的物品并用于识别可能不具有DIF的物品集的迭代过程，以及（B）具有真实的DIF的项目的分辨率，用于在与不示出DIF的项目相同的度量上量化DIF，并且为每个项目提供期望值曲线和拟合测试。组最后，由于MH程序中的人工DIF来源是用其估计值替代参数，因此建议所有使用估计值替代参数的程序都可能诱发人工DIF。
The literature in modern test theory on procedures for identifying items with differential item functioning (DIF) among two groups of persons includes the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) procedure. Generally, it is not recognized explicitly that if there is real DIF in some items which favor one group, then as an artifact of this procedure, artificial DIF that favors the other group is induced in the other items. Using the Rasch model for dichotomous responses as a theoretical basis, this article proves that the source of artificial DIF in the MH procedure is that estimates of the person locations are substituted for their unknown values. The article then demonstrates that the formalization of artificial DIF implies mathematically (a) a particular sequential, iterative procedure for detecting items with real DIF and for identifying a set of items that may have no DIF and (b) a resolution of the items with real DIF for quantifying the DIF on the same metric as the items showing no DIF and provides expected value curves and tests of fit for the item for each of the groups. Finally, because the source of artificial DIF in the MH procedure is the substitution of a parameter with its estimate, it is suggested that all procedures that use the substitution of an estimate for a parameter are likely to induce artificial DIF.