Democracy and Trust: Do we want trust in government?
Democracy and Trust: Do we want trust in government?
复制标题
民主与信任：我们想要对政府的信任吗？
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Hardin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Hardin
在分析信任和政府时，我们可以集中在两个截然不同的因果问题上：公民对其他公民的信任，部分是由于政府机构和公民对政府本身的信任。前者是托马斯霍布斯中心论点的一个变体。我们需要政府来维持秩序，使我们能够为自己的福祉付出努力，并在与他人打交道时期望我们不会受到侵犯。除了无政府主义者，几乎没有人不同意这种观点，尽管有些作家认为大政府会破坏公民之间的关系。因此，美国反联邦党人和伊本·赫勒敦（Ibn Khaldun，Gellner，1988）等反城市思想家反对大政府或城市化。第二个问题--公民可能特别信任政府--在约翰·洛克的一段话中提出。洛克（1988年：381）写道，社会将权力移交给其统治者，“社会以这种明确或默认的信任来控制自己，为了他们的利益和保护他们的财产，社会将崩溃。”尼克拉斯·卢曼（Niklas Luhmann，1979：54）说，“政治信任这个古老的主题，特别是在宗教战争结束后的时期，发挥了很大的作用，实际上已经从当代政治理论中消失了。”如果它消失了，它已经重新生效，至少考虑到美国和其他先进的民主社会。现在，公民可以信任政府的假设隐藏在大量的当代文献中。
In the analysis of trust and government, we may focus on two quite distinct causal issues: citizen trust in other citizens as a result, in part, of governmental institutions and citizen trust in government itself. The former is a variant of the central thesis of Thomas Hobbes. We need government in order to maintain the order that enables us to invest effort in our own well-being and to deal with others in the expectation that we will not be violated. Almost no one other than anarchists disagrees with this view, although some writers have supposed that large government is disruptive of relations between citizens. The American Anti-Federalists and such anti-urban thinkers as Ibn Khaldun (Gellner 1988) therefore opposed large government or urbanization. The second issue – that citizens might specifically trust government – is suggested in a passage by John Locke. Locke (1988: 381) wrote that society turns power over to its governors, “whom society hath set over it self, with this express or tacit Trust, That it shall be imployed for their good, and the preservation of their Property.” Niklas Luhmann (1979: 54) says that this “old theme of political trust, which played a large role, especially in the period after the end of the religious wars, has virtually disappeared from contemporary political theory.” If it had disappeared, it has come back in force, at least in consideration of the United States and other advanced democratic societies. Now, the supposition that citizens could trust government lies behind a large contemporary literature.