Theoretical study of superlubric nanogenerators with superb performances
Theoretical study of superlubric nanogenerators with superb performances
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104494
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发表时间：
2020-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
17.6
通讯作者：
Zheng, Quanshui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang, Xuanyu;Lin, Li;Zheng, Quanshui
纳米发电机有望在物联网、传感器网络、大数据、个人医疗保健系统、人工智能等领域广泛应用自供电传感器和设备。然而，低电流密度和短的产品寿命阻碍了纳米发电机的应用。在这里，我们展示了结构超润滑性，即两个接触的固体表面之间几乎没有摩擦和磨损的状态，为上述挑战提供了革命性的解决方案。我们提出了前三种类型的超润滑油纳米发电机(SLNG)，即基于电容器的、基于摩擦电学的和基于驻极体的SLNG。通过对材料和结构参数对其性能影响的系统分析，我们证明了这种纳米发电机不仅可以获得持久的寿命，而且还具有优异的性能--电流密度和输出功率比传统的纳米发电机高出三个数量级。此外，我们还表明，SLNG可以在非常低的频率下由非常弱的外部负载(降到类似于1微N)驱动。1微赫)，因此能够从环境和生物系统的极端板谱中获取电能。在三种类型的SLNG中，基于电容的SLNG在性能、制造和维护方面综合起来是最具竞争力的。这些理论结果可以指导设计和加速SLNG的制造，使其走向实际应用。
Nanogenerators promise self-powered sensors and devices for extensive applications in internet of things, sensor networks, big data, personal healthcare systems, artificial intelligence et al. However, low electric current densities and short product lifespans have blocked nanogenerators' applications. Here we show that structural superlubricity, a state of nearly zero friction and wear between two contacted solid surfaces, provides a revolutionary solution to the above challenge. We propose the first three types of superlubric nanogenerators (SLNGs), namely the capacitor-based, triboelectric, and electret-based SLNGs. With a systematical analysis on the influences of material and structural parameters to these SLNGs' performances, we demonstrate that these SLNGs can achieve not only enduring lifespans, but also superb performances - three orders of magnitude in current densities and output powers higher than those of conventional nanogenerators. Furthermore, we show that SLNGs can be driven by very weak external loads (down to similar to 1 mu N) in very low frequencies (down to. 1 mu Hz), and are thus capable to harvest electric energies from an extremely board spectrum of environments and bio-systems. Among the three types of SLNGs, the capacitor-based is synthetically most competitive in the senses of performance, fabrication and maintaining. These theoretical results can guide designs and accelerate fabrications of SLNGs toward real applications.