Climatic drivers of (changes in) bat migration phenology at Bracken Cave (USA)
Climatic drivers of (changes in) bat migration phenology at Bracken Cave (USA)
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15433
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发表时间：
2020-11-19
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Bauer, Silke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Haest, Birgen;Stepanian, Phillip M.;Bauer, Silke
气候变化正在极大地改变全球生物事件的发生时间。在包括鸟类、哺乳动物和昆虫在内的生物类群中，观察到繁殖地和越冬地之间季节性迁徙的物候变化。对于鸟类来说，迁徙物候的变化与越冬、停留和繁殖地区的天气条件变化之间存在着密切的联系。对于其他动物类群，目前对气候（变化）对迁徙影响的理解和证据仍然相当有限，这主要是由于缺乏长期物候数据集。德克萨斯州（美国）的布雷肯洞拥有世界上最大的蝙蝠栖息地之一。最近利用天气雷达数据，对布雷肯洞巴西无尾蝙蝠（Tadarida brasiliensis）的春季和秋季迁徙物候进行了独特的 23 年（1995-2017）长期序列。在这里，我们结合墨西哥和美国南部的网格温度、降水和风数据分析这些迁徙物候时间序列，以确定蝙蝠迁徙物候（变化）的气候驱动因素。也许令人惊讶的是，我们广泛的时空搜索没有发现温度会影响春季或秋季的迁徙。相反，春季迁徙物候似乎主要由迁徙期间可能越冬或春季中途停留地区的风况驱动。另一方面，秋季迁徙物候似乎主要由蕨洞东部和东北部的降水主导。此外，迁徙更加频繁和有利的风力条件的长期变化使得春季迁徙提前了 16 天。我们的结果说明了如何使用天气雷达分析来解决有关气候（变化）对蝙蝠迁徙和丰度影响的一些剩余知识差距。
Climate change is drastically changing the timing of biological events across the globe. Changes in the phenology of seasonal migrations between the breeding and wintering grounds have been observed across biological taxa, including birds, mammals, and insects. For birds, strong links have been shown between changes in migration phenology and changes in weather conditions at the wintering, stopover, and breeding areas. For other animal taxa, the current understanding of, and evidence for, climate (change) influences on migration still remains rather limited, mainly due to the lack of long-term phenology datasets. Bracken Cave in Texas (USA) holds one of the largest bat colonies of the world. Using weather radar data, a unique 23-year (1995-2017) long time series was recently produced of the spring and autumn migration phenology of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) at Bracken Cave. Here, we analyse these migration phenology time series in combination with gridded temperature, precipitation, and wind data across Mexico and southern USA, to identify the climatic drivers of (changes in) bat migration phenology. Perhaps surprisingly, our extensive spatiotemporal search did not find temperature to influence either spring or autumn migration. Instead, spring migration phenology seems to be predominantly driven by wind conditions at likely wintering or spring stopover areas during the migration period. Autumn migration phenology, on the other hand, seems to be dominated by precipitation to the east and north-east of Bracken Cave. Long-term changes towards more frequent migration and favourable wind conditions have, furthermore, allowed spring migration to occur 16 days earlier. Our results illustrate how some of the remaining knowledge gaps on the influence of climate (change) on bat migration and abundance can be addressed using weather radar analyses.