Developmental influence on evolutionary rates and the origin of placental mammal tooth complexity.
Developmental influence on evolutionary rates and the origin of placental mammal tooth complexity.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2019294118
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发表时间：
2021-06-08
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Rücklin M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Couzens AMC;Sears KE;Rücklin M
在发育过程中，基因、细胞和组织之间的相互作用可能有利于某些性状变异比其他性状更频繁地产生。这种发育偏差通常被认为限制了适应，但它对进化的确切影响却鲜为人知。利用发育的计算机模拟，我们提供了证据，证明促进哺乳动物牙尖形成的分子可以帮助加速牙齿复杂性的进化。只需要相对较小的发育变化，就可以从更简单的三角形祖先模式衍生出更复杂的矩形上磨牙，这是早期胎盘哺乳动物的典型特征。因此，发育可能使早期胎盘磨牙牙列的相对快速分化成为可能。发展通常被视为对形态适应的制约力量，但它的确切影响，特别是对进化速度的影响，人们知之甚少。胎盘哺乳动物提供了适应性辐射的经典例子，但关于早期胎盘进化的速度和驱动因素的争论仍然存在争议。在许多胎盘血统中，早期牙齿进化的一个特征是从三角形上磨牙过渡到更复杂的上磨牙，具有更适合粉碎的矩形尖状图案。为了检验发育是如何影响这一转变的，我们模拟了牙齿形态发生计算模型中不同参数构建的“景观”上的牙齿进化。在检测的参数中，我们发现牙尖发育的前体-釉质结的数量的增加主要是由于分子激活剂(激活)自我调节的增加，而结的模式是由于牙芽生长的激活和偏向的改变。在模拟中，更多的激活促进了结数量的加速进化增加，创造了在胎盘上磨牙上进化至少十倍的侧向结排列。相对较小的激活增加，叠加在祖先的三结节磨牙生长模式上，可以重现导致矩形上磨牙尖形模式的关键变化。修补牙蕾几何形状会改变牙尖沿舌后磨牙边缘启动的方式，这表明祖先磨牙生长的微小空间差异可能影响了胎盘血统获得下锥体尖端的方式。我们认为，发育可能使胎盘磨牙牙列相对较快、较高水平的分化成为可能。
Interactions during development among genes, cells, and tissues can favor the more frequent generation of some trait variants compared with others. This developmental bias has often been considered to constrain adaptation, but its exact influence on evolution is poorly understood. Using computer simulations of development, we provide evidence that molecules promoting the formation of mammalian tooth cusps could help accelerate tooth complexity evolution. Only relatively small developmental changes were needed to derive the more complex, rectangular upper molar typical of early placental mammals from the simpler triangular ancestral pattern. Development may therefore have enabled the relatively fast divergence of the early placental molar dentition. Development has often been viewed as a constraining force on morphological adaptation, but its precise influence, especially on evolutionary rates, is poorly understood. Placental mammals provide a classic example of adaptive radiation, but the debate around rate and drivers of early placental evolution remains contentious. A hallmark of early dental evolution in many placental lineages was a transition from a triangular upper molar to a more complex upper molar with a rectangular cusp pattern better specialized for crushing. To examine how development influenced this transition, we simulated dental evolution on “landscapes” built from different parameters of a computational model of tooth morphogenesis. Among the parameters examined, we find that increases in the number of enamel knots, the developmental precursors of the tooth cusps, were primarily influenced by increased self-regulation of the molecular activator (activation), whereas the pattern of knots resulted from changes in both activation and biases in tooth bud growth. In simulations, increased activation facilitated accelerated evolutionary increases in knot number, creating a lateral knot arrangement that evolved at least ten times on placental upper molars. Relatively small increases in activation, superimposed on an ancestral tritubercular molar growth pattern, could recreate key changes leading to a rectangular upper molar cusp pattern. Tinkering with tooth bud geometry varied the way cusps initiated along the posterolingual molar margin, suggesting that small spatial variations in ancestral molar growth may have influenced how placental lineages acquired a hypocone cusp. We suggest that development could have enabled relatively fast higher-level divergence of the placental molar dentition.
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DOI：
10.1002/jez.b.23009
发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hallikas O;Das Roy R;Christensen MM;Renvoisé E;Sulic AM;Jernvall J
通讯作者：
Jernvall J
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Hlusko, Leslea J.;Lease, Loren R.;Mahaney, Michael C.
通讯作者：
Mahaney, Michael C.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Debiais-Thibaud M;Chiori R;Enault S;Oulion S;Germon I;Martinand-Mari C;Casane D;Borday-Birraux V
通讯作者：
Borday-Birraux V
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Harjunmaa, Enni;Kallonen, Aki;Jernvall, Jukka
通讯作者：
Jernvall, Jukka
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Buckley, GA
通讯作者：
Buckley, GA