Long-term ambient air pollution and respiratory symptoms in adults (SAPALDIA Study)
Long-term ambient air pollution and respiratory symptoms in adults (SAPALDIA Study)
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DOI：
10.1164/ajrccm.159.4.9807052
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发表时间：
1999-04-01
影响因子：
24.7
通讯作者：
Zellweger, JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zemp, E;Elsasser, S;Zellweger, JP
在瑞士八个研究地点进行的一项横断面研究中，对成年人（18 至 60 岁，n = 9,651）的随机人群样本进行了一项横断面研究，调查了长期暴露于环境空气污染与呼吸道症状之间的关联。有关呼吸道症状的信息是通过欧洲共同体呼吸健康调查问卷的扩展版本获得的。分别分析了从不吸烟、以前吸烟和现在吸烟者空气污染物年平均浓度的影响。在控制了年龄、体重指数、性别、父母哮喘、父母特应性、低教育程度和外国公民身份后，我们发现一氧化氮、总悬浮颗粒物和空气动力学直径小于10μm的颗粒物（PM10）的年平均浓度之间存在正相关，并报告了慢性痰多、慢性咳嗽或痰多、白天休息时呼吸困难、白天或夜间呼吸困难以及劳力性呼吸困难的患病率。我们发现，非感冒喘息、当前哮喘、胸闷或慢性咳嗽没有关联。在从不吸烟者中，PM10年平均浓度增加10μg/m(3)时，慢性产生痰的比值比（95%置信区间）为1.35（1.11至1.65），慢性咳嗽或产生痰的比值比为1.27（1.08至1.50），吸烟期间呼吸困难的比值比为1.48（1.23至1.78）。日间呼吸困难为 1.33（1.14 至 1.55），劳累时呼吸困难为 1.32（1.18 至 1.46）。未发现与 O-3 年平均浓度相关。除了慢性痰液产生之外，以前和现在吸烟者也发现了类似的关联。当进一步控制环境烟草烟雾暴露、过去和当前职业暴露、特应性和幼儿呼吸道感染、将分析限制于长期居民和非高山地区、以及排除医生诊断为哮喘的受试者时，观察到的关联保持稳定。污染物之间的高度相关性使得很难梳理出单一污染物的影响。这项研究提供了进一步的证据，表明长期暴露于相当低水平的空气污染与成人呼吸道症状的患病率较高有关。
The association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and respiratory symptoms was investigated in a cross-sectional study in random population samples of adults (aged 18 to 60 yr, n = 9,651) at eight study sites in Switzerland. Information on respiratory symptoms was obtained with an extended version of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey questionnaire. The impact of annual mean concentrations of air pollutants was analyzed separately for never-, former, and current smokers. After controlling for age, body mass index, gender, parental asthma, parental atopy, low education, and foreign citizenship, we found positive associations between annual mean concentrations of NO,, total suspended particulates, and particulates of less than 10 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) and reported prevalences of chronic phlegm production, chronic cough or phlegm production, breathlessness at rest during the day, breathlessness during the day or at night, and dyspnea on exertion. We found no associations with wheezing without cold, current asthma, chest tightness, or chronic cough. Among never-smokers, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for a 10 mu g/m(3) increase in the annual mean concentration of PM10 was 1.35 (1.11 to 1.65) for chronic phlegm production, 1.27 (1.08 to 1.50) for chronic cough or phlegm production, 1.48 (1.23 to 1.78) for breathlessness during the day, 1.33 (1.14 to 1.55) for breathlessness during the day or at night, and 1.32 (1.18 to 1.46) for dyspnea on exertion. No associations were found with annual mean concentrations of O-3. Similar associations were also found for former and current smokers, except for chronic phlegm production. The observed associations remained stable when further control was applied for environmental tobacco smoke exposure, past and current occupational exposures, atopy, and early childhood respiratory infections when restricting the analysis to long-term residents and to non-alpine areas, and when excluding subjects with physician-diagnosed asthma. The high correlation between the pollutants makes it difficult to sort out the effect of one single pollutant. This study provides further evidence that long-term exposure to air pollution of rather low levels is associated with higher prevalences of respiratory symptoms in adults.