Biogeochemical Regeneration of a Nodule Mining Disturbance Site: Trace Metals, DOC and Amino Acids in Deep-Sea Sediments and Pore Waters
Biogeochemical Regeneration of a Nodule Mining Disturbance Site: Trace Metals, DOC and Amino Acids in Deep-Sea Sediments and Pore Waters
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结核采矿扰动地点的生物地球化学再生：深海沉积物和孔隙水中的微量金属、DOC 和氨基酸
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
A. Koschinsky
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Paul;B. Gaye;M. Haeckel;S. Kasten;A. Koschinsky
由于对多金属结核等深海矿物资源的兴趣日益增加，需要就矿物开采对深海生态系统可能产生的影响进行环境研究。迄今为止，对采矿引起的扰动前后的深海沉积物进行的地球化学比较很少，因此深海采矿的长期环境影响尚不清楚。在这里，我们提出的地球化学数据从一个实验干扰区在4100米水深的秘鲁盆地的沉积岩芯。2015年，在进行模拟结核采矿的扰动实验26年后，该地点再次被访问，并与作为扰动前参考的实验区以外的地点进行了比较。我们调查了26年后，在固相和孔隙水中是否仍然可以看到扰动的迹象，或者是否已经重新建立了扰动前的条件。此外，在巡航期间产生了新的扰动，并在五周后取样，以比较短期和长期影响。颗粒部分和孔隙水进行了分析，主要和微量元素，研究元素分布和过程中的表面沉积物。还分析了孔隙水和底层水样品中的氧、硝酸盐、溶解有机碳和溶解氨基酸，以检查有机物降解过程。研究面积约11平方公里，被认为是自然更异质性比预期的，需要空间变异分析之前，扰动和未扰动的网站可以进行比较。受干扰的网站表现出不同的干扰功能：一些表层沉积物混合通过，其他的顶层删除，有些有额外的材料沉积在顶部。孔隙水成分在26年后基本上恢复了扰动前的梯度。然而，在顶部20厘米处，固体相显示出扰动和未扰动地点之间的明显差异，因此26年后，在犁过的痕迹中仍然可以看到影响。特别是上层，通常富含锰氧化物和伴生金属，如Mo，Ni，Co和Cu，显示出金属分布的显著差异。因此，可以预期，多金属结核采矿造成的扰动将对底层沉积物的地球化学产生多方面的长期影响。
Increasing interest in deep-sea mineral resources, such as polymetallic nodules, calls for environmental research about possible impacts of mineral exploitation on the deep-sea ecosystem. So far, little geochemical comparisons of deep-sea sediments before and after mining induced disturbances have been made, and thus long-term environmental effects of deep-sea mining are unknown. Here we present geochemical data from sediment cores from an experimental disturbance area at 4100 m water depth in the Peru Basin. The site was revisited in 2015, 26 years after a disturbance experiment mimicking nodule mining was carried out, and compared to sites outside the experimental zone which served as a pre-disturbance reference. We investigated if signs of the disturbance are still visible in the solid phase and the pore water after 26 years or if pre-disturbance conditions have been re established. Additionally, a new disturbance was created during the cruise and sampled five weeks later to compare short- and longer-term impacts. The particulate fraction and pore water were analyzed for major and trace elements to study element distribution and processes in the surface sediment. Pore water and bottom water samples were also analyzed for oxygen, nitrate, dissolved organic carbon and dissolved amino acids, to examine organic matter degradation processes. The study area of about 11 km2 was found to be naturally more heterogeneous than expected, requiring an analysis of spatial variability before the disturbed and undisturbed sites can be compared. The disturbed sites exhibit various disturbance features: some surface sediments were mixed through, others had the top layer removed and some had additional material deposited on top. Pore water constituents have largely regained pre-disturbance gradients after 26 years. The solid phase, however, shows clear differences between disturbed and undisturbed sites in the top 20 cm so that the impact is still visible in the plowed tracks after 26 years. Especially the upper layer, usually rich in manganese-oxide and associated metals, such as Mo, Ni, Co, and Cu, shows substantial differences in metal distribution. Hence, it can be expected that disturbances from polymetallic nodule mining will have manifold and long-lasting impacts on the geochemistry of the underlying sediment.
氧气从海山玄武岩地壳扩散到上覆沉积物中：克拉里昂-克利珀顿断裂带的一个例子
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Mogollón;Picard;Rühlemann;Eisenhauer;Ziebis;Kasten
通讯作者：
Kasten