Object boundaries influence toddlers' performance in a search task.
Object boundaries influence toddlers' performance in a search task.
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物体边界会影响幼儿在搜索任务中的表现。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00466.x
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Spelke,ElizabethS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shutts,Kristin;Keen,Rachel;Spelke,ElizabethS
先前的研究表明，幼儿很难找到一个隐藏的物体，其位置取决于一个部分可见的物理障碍的位置。在四个实验中，我们测试了儿童的搜索错误是否受到两个影响成人目标导向注意的变量的影响：对象边界和邻近关系。蹒跚学步的孩子们寻找一辆汽车，这辆汽车从一个遮挡板后面的斜坡上滚下来，在接触到障碍物时停了下来。汽车在每次试验中的位置取决于面板中两扇门之一后面的屏障的位置。在实验1中，当汽车的一部分（天线上的一个绒球）在与障碍墙相同的距离处可见时，搜索性能高于机会，但低于天花板。在实验2和3中，当可见部分接近隐藏的车身，并可以看到通过两个窗口中的一个门的闭塞面板，性能接近天花板。在实验4中，当只有障碍物是可见的，通过同一个窗口，表现是偶然的。因此，幼儿对隐藏物体的搜索受到物体可见部分的接近程度的影响，但不受单独可见地标的接近程度的影响。这些发现表明，幼儿和成人的物体表征之间存在相似之处，他们的注意力指向物体，并在物体内以梯度状的方式传播。
Previous research has shown that young children have difficulty searching for a hidden object whose location depends on the position of a partly visible physical barrier. Across four experiments, we tested whether children's search errors are affected by two variables that influence adults’ object‐directed attention: object boundaries and proximity relations. Toddlers searched for a car that rolled down a ramp behind an occluding panel and stopped on contact with a barrier. The car's location on each trial depended on the placement of the barrier behind one of two doors in the panel. In Experiment 1, when a part of the car (a pompom on an antenna) was visible at the same distance from the object as the barrier wall in past research, search performance was above chance but below ceiling. In Experiments 2 and 3, when the visible part was close to the hidden body of the car and could be seen through one of two windows in the doors of the occluding panel, performance was near ceiling. In Experiment 4, when only the barrier was visible through one of the same windows, performance was at chance. Toddlers’ search for a hidden object therefore is affected by the proximity of a visible part of the object, though not by the proximity of a separate visible landmark. These findings suggest a parallel between the object representations of young children and those of adults, whose attention is directed to objects and spreads in a gradient‐like fashion within an object.