Sources of pathogenic microorganisms and their fate during land application of wastes.
Sources of pathogenic microorganisms and their fate during land application of wastes.
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DOI：
10.2134/jeq2005.0042a
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发表时间：
2005-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
C. Gerba;James Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Gerba;James Smith
人们早就认识到了与土地上施用的动物和人类废物中的病原体有关的危害。管理这些风险需要了解来源、浓度和可能用于处理废物的工艺的去除情况;在环境中的存活情况;以及接触敏感人群的情况。主要来源是动物饲养操作，城市污水处理厂的废水，生物固体和现场处理系统。在未经处理的废物中可能存在150多种已知的肠道病原体，在过去十年中，每年都发现一种新的肠道病原体。越来越多的人要求更好地界定与土地处理和应用有关的风险。为了量化风险，需要更多关于废物中病原体浓度、处理过程有效性、检测方法标准化以及更好地量化暴露的数据。
The hazards associated with pathogens in land-applied animal and human wastes have long been recognized. Management of these risks requires an understanding of sources, concentrations, and removal by processes that may be used to treat the wastes; survival in the environment; and exposure to sensitive populations. The major sources are animal feeding operations, municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents, biosolids, and on-site treatment systems. More than 150 known enteric pathogens may be present in the untreated wastes, and one new enteric pathogen has been discovered every year over the past decade. There has been increasing demand that risks associated with the land treatment and application be better defined. For risks to be quantified, more data are needed on the concentrations of pathogens in wastes, the effectiveness of treatment processes, standardization of detection methodology, and better quantification of exposure.