Nonspatial Features Reduce the Reliance on Sustained Spatial Auditory Attention.
Nonspatial Features Reduce the Reliance on Sustained Spatial Auditory Attention.
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DOI：
10.1097/aud.0000000000000879
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonacci, Lia M.;Bressler, Scott;Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara G.
关键词：
自上而下的空间注意力在从混合声音中选择目标声音时是有效的。然而，除了位置之外，非空间特征通常还可以区分源。本研究探讨是否冗余的非空间特征，以维持选择性听觉注意的空间定义的目标。当受试者将注意力集中在三个同时出现的旋律中的一个时，我们记录了脑电图。在一个实验中，受试者（n = 17）给予听觉提示，指示目标旋律的位置和音高。在第二个实验中（n = 17），线索只表明目标位置，我们比较了两种情况：一个是竞争旋律的音高分离大，一个是这种分离小。在这两个实验中，由声音流中的事件的发作引起的反应调制的注意，我们发现在这种调制之间的小和大的音高分离条件没有显着差异。因此，诱发反应反映了目标刺激是注意的焦点，并且在所有实验条件下干扰物都被成功抑制。在所有的情况下，顶叶阿尔法偏侧的线索，但在旋律发作，表明受试者最初集中注意力在空间。在刺激呈现过程中，这种偏侧化消失时，音高线索强，但仍然显着时，音高线索弱，这表明，强音高线索减少了对持续的空间注意的依赖。这些结果表明，一旦一个明确的目标流在一个已知的位置被选中，自上而下的空间注意力在过滤出一个隔离的竞争流中起着微弱的作用。
Top-down spatial attention is effective at selecting a target sound from a mixture. However, nonspatial features often distinguish sources in addition to location. This study explores whether redundant nonspatial features are used to maintain selective auditory attention for a spatially defined target. We recorded electroencephalography while subjects focused attention on one of three simultaneous melodies. In one experiment, subjects (n = 17) were given an auditory cue indicating both the location and pitch of the target melody. In a second experiment (n = 17 subjects), the cue only indicated target location, and we compared two conditions: one in which the pitch separation of competing melodies was large, and one in which this separation was small. In both experiments, responses evoked by onsets of events in sound streams were modulated by attention, and we found no significant difference in this modulation between small and large pitch separation conditions. Therefore, the evoked response reflected that target stimuli were the focus of attention, and distractors were suppressed successfully for all experimental conditions. In all cases, parietal alpha was lateralized following the cue, but before melody onset, indicating that subjects initially focused attention in space. During the stimulus presentation, this lateralization disappeared when pitch cues were strong but remained significant when pitch cues were weak, suggesting that strong pitch cues reduced reliance on sustained spatial attention. These results demonstrate that once a well-defined target stream at a known location is selected, top-down spatial attention plays a weak role in filtering out a segregated competing stream.