The geology and remarkable thermal activity of Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
The geology and remarkable thermal activity of Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
复制标题
怀俄明州黄石国家公园诺里斯间歇泉盆地的地质和显着的热活动
DOI：
10.3133/pp1456
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
T. Keith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. White;R. Hutchinson;T. Keith
诺里斯间歇泉盆地毗邻黄石破火山口北缘，位于破火山口边缘和诺里斯-猛犸象走廊的共同交汇处，诺里斯-猛犸象走廊是一个由断层、火山喷口和热活动组成的区域，从破火山口边缘向北直达猛犸象温泉。主要的石英砂是由玉髓热液胶结而成，非常坚硬，因此有理由使用热液石英岩这一术语。诺里斯盆地的基本水体类型为pH近中性，高氯、高SiO/亚2/。诺里斯盆地另一种常见的水类型是高SO/SU4/和中等高氯，氯/SO/SU4/比值差别很大。这项研究没有就一个老问题--稀有溶解成分的来源--提供新的确凿数据。这篇论文的一个重要部分是大多数泉水和间歇泉的行为和化学成分发生了大量变化的例子，这种变化的程度在公园其他地方甚至可能是世界上都是未知的。岩心样品中的热液矿物学可以解释热液蚀变历史，这些样品来自三个研究孔，全部在熔岩溪凝灰岩中钻探至最大深度-331.6米。还提出了一种大型、长期火山-热液活动的模型，该模型涉及所有地壳和上地幔，并使用了许多最近的地球物理数据，表明壳-地幔相互关系。
Norris Geyser Basin is adjacent to the north rim of the Yellowstone caldera at the common intersection of the caldera rim and the Norris-Mammoth Corridor, a zone of faults, volcanic vents, and thermal activity that strikes north from the caldera rim to Mammoth Hot Springs. The dominant quartz sand is hydrothermally cemented by chalcedony and is extremely hard, thereby justifying the term hydrothermal quartzite. The fundamental water type in Norris Basin is nearly neutral in pH and high in Cl and SiO/sub 2/. Another common type of water in Norris Basin is high in SO/sub 4/ and moderately high in Cl, with Cl/SO/sub 4/ ratios differing considerably. This study provides no new conclusive data on an old problem, the source or sources of rare dissolved constitutents. An important part of this paper consists of examples of numerous changes in behavior and chemical composition of most springs and geysers, to extents not known elsewhere in the park and perhaps in the world. Hydrothermal mineralogy in core samples from three research holes drilled entirely in Lava Creek Tuff to a maximum depth of -331.6 m permits an interpretation of the hydrothermal alteration history. A model for large, long-lived, volcanic-hydrothermal activity is alsomore » suggested, involving all of the crust and upper mantle and using much recent geophysical data bearing on crust-mantle interrelations.« less