In pursuit of resilience: stress, epigenetics, and brain plasticity
In pursuit of resilience: stress, epigenetics, and brain plasticity
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DOI：
10.1111/nyas.13020
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McEwen, Bruce S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McEwen, Bruce S.
大脑是适应经历（包括压力源）的中心器官，它能够改变大脑结构，并通过神经内分泌、自主、免疫和代谢系统改变全身功能。由于大脑是这些系统以及行为的主要调节器，慢性压力引起的大脑功能改变可能对累积的非稳态超负荷（指适应成本）产生直接和间接的影响。关于系统生理学的神经控制以及生理介质对调节高级认知功能、情绪调节和自我调节的大脑区域的反馈作用，有很多新的知识。健康的大脑具有相当大的恢复能力，这是基于其对旨在打开“可塑性之窗”并将其功能转向更健康的干预措施做出反应的能力。因此，应在积极行为干预的框架内进行促进可塑性的治疗；在此窗口期间的负面经历甚至可能使事情变得更糟。事实上，没有灵丹妙药，药物也不能替代帮助个人变得有弹性的有针对性的干预措施，其中基于正念的减压和冥想正在成为有用的工具。
The brain is the central organ for adaptation to experiences, including stressors, which are capable of changing brain architecture as well as altering systemic function through neuroendocrine, autonomic, immune, and metabolic systems. Because the brain is the master regulator of these systems, as well as of behavior, alterations in brain function by chronic stress can have direct and indirect effects on cumulative allostatic overload, which refers to the cost of adaptation. There is much new knowledge on the neural control of systemic physiology and the feedback actions of physiologic mediators on brain regions regulating higher cognitive function, emotional regulation, and self-regulation. The healthy brain has a considerable capacity for resilience, based upon its ability to respond to interventions designed to open "windows of plasticity" and redirect its function toward better health. As a result, plasticity-facilitating treatments should be given within the framework of a positive behavioral intervention; negative experiences during this window may even make matters worse. Indeed, there are no magic bullets and drugs cannot substitute for targeted interventions that help an individual become resilient, of which mindfulness-based stress reduction and meditation are emerging as useful tools.