Bendiocarb resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from Atacora department in Benin, West Africa: a threat for malaria vector control
Bendiocarb resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from Atacora department in Benin, West Africa: a threat for malaria vector control
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DOI：
10.1186/1756-3305-6-192
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发表时间：
2013-06-26
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Akogbeto, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aikpon, Rock;Agossa, Fiacre;Akogbeto, Martin
背景：由于按蚊对拟除虫菊酯的抗药性。在冈比亚，氨基甲酸酯和有机磷酸盐杀虫剂目前被视为拟除虫菊酯的替代品或补充剂，用于蚊帐处理。因此，电阻监测是必不可少的调查安的敏感性。方法：从阿塔科拉省的五个区（Kouande、Natitingou、Materi、Pehunco、Tanguieta）收集的幼虫饲养2至3天大的成年雌性按蚊。然后将蚊子暴露于世卫组织浸渍纸。四种处理包括：氨基甲酸酯（0.1%恶虫威、0.1%残杀威）和有机磷（0.25%甲基嘧啶磷、1%杀鼠磷）。进行PCR测定以确定An的成员。结果：冈比亚按蚊各种群均对苯虫威产生了抗性。冈比亚公司测试.在Materi、Pehunco和Tanguieta观察到残杀威抗药性，而在Kouande和Natitingou怀疑有抗药性。至于有机磷，在所有人群中评估了对甲基吡嘧啶的敏感性。在Kouande、Pehunco和Tanguieta发现了杀螟硫磷抗药性，而在Materi和Natitingou则怀疑有抗药性。S型占94.44%。M和S的分子形式是同域的，但没有检测到M/S杂种。ace-1 R突变在S和M分子形式中均发现，频率为3.6%至12%。虽然纯合抗性基因型是存活个体中最普遍的基因型，但基因型不能完全解释生物测定结果。冈比亚的人口是一个明确的迹象，要求执行杀虫剂抗药性管理战略。ace-1 R突变不能完全解释观察到的对苯虫威的抗性，并且高度提示参与其他抗性机制，如代谢解毒。
Background: Owing to pyrethroid resistance in An. gambiae, the carbamate and organophosphate insecticides are currently regarded as alternatives or supplements to pyrethroids for use on mosquito net treatments. Resistance monitoring is therefore essential to investigate the susceptibility of An. gambiae s.l to these alternative products.Methods: Two to three day old adult female Anopheles mosquitoes were reared from larvae collected in the five districts (Kouande, Natitingou, Materi, Pehunco, Tanguieta) of the Atacora department. Mosquitoes were then exposed to WHO impregnated papers. The four treatments consisted of: carbamates (0.1% bendiocarb, 0.1% propoxur) and organophosphates (0.25% pirimiphosmethyl, 1% fenitrothion). PCR assays were run to determine the members of the An. gambiae complex, the molecular forms (M) and (S), as well as phenotypes for insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE1) due to ace-1(R) mutation.Results: Bioassays showed bendiocarb resistance in all populations of An. gambiae s.s. tested. Propoxur resistance was observed in Materi, Pehunco and Tanguieta, while it was suspected in Kouande and Natitingou. As for the organophosphates, susceptibility to pirimiphos-methyl was assessed in all populations. Fenitrothion resistance was detected in Kouande, Pehunco and Tanguieta, while it was suspected in Materi and Natitingou. The S-form was predominant in tested samples (94.44%). M and S molecular forms were sympatric but no M/S hybrids were detected. The ace-1R mutation was found in both S and M molecular forms with frequency from 3.6 to 12%. Although the homozygous resistant genotype was the most prevalent genotype among survivors, the genotypes could not entirely explain the bioassay results.Conclusion: Evidence of bendiocarb resistance in An. gambiae populations is a clear indication that calls for the implementation of insecticide resistance management strategies. The ace-1R mutation could not entirely explain the resistance to bendiocarb observed and is highly suggestive of involvement of other resistance mechanisms such as metabolic detoxification.