NINE SECOND‐ORDER NATIONAL ELECTIONS – A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN ELECTION RESULTS
NINE SECOND‐ORDER NATIONAL ELECTIONS – A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN ELECTION RESULTS
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九场二级全国选举——欧洲选举结果分析的概念框架
DOI：
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发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Schmitt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Karlheinz Reif;H. Schmitt
直接选举产生的欧洲议会的组成并没有准确地反映欧洲共同体政治力量的“真实的”平衡。只要国家政治制度决定了大部分需要政治决定的事情，以及所有真正重要的事情，欧洲选举就是额外的国家二级选举。它们更多地是由国内政治分歧决定的，而不是由来自欧洲共同体的替代方案决定的，但与同时举行九次一级全国选举的情况不同。这是因为欧洲选举发生在国家政治制度各自“选举周期”的不同阶段。在一个政治体系中，二级竞技场和主要竞技场之间的这种关系并不罕见。这里的新情况是，一个二级政治竞技场与九个不同的一级竞技场有关。对欧洲选举结果的初步分析令人满意地证明了欧洲议会直接选举应被视为九个同时举行的国家二级选举的假设。
The composition of the directly elected European Parliament does not precisely reflect the 'real' balance of political forces in the European Community. As long as the national political systems decide most of what there is to be decided politically, and everything really important, European elections are additional national second-order elections. They are determined more by the domestic political cleavages than by alternatives originating in the EC, but in a different way than if nine first-order national elections took place simultaneously. This is the case because European elections occur at different stages of the national political systems' respective 'electoral cycles'. Such a relationship between a second-order arena and the chief arena of a political system is not at all unusual. What is new here, is that one second-order political arena is related to nine different first-order arenas. A first analysis of European election results satisfactorily justifies the assumption that European Parliament direct elections should be treated as nine simultaneous national second-order elections.