FIBER DIGESTIBILITY BY THE ORANGUTAN (PONGO ABELII): IN VITRO AND IN VIVO
FIBER DIGESTIBILITY BY THE ORANGUTAN (PONGO ABELII): IN VITRO AND IN VIVO
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猩猩 (PONGO ABELII) 的纤维消化率：体外和体内
DOI：
10.1638/04-103.1
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Sadler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Debra A. Schmidt;M. Kerley;J. L. Dempsey;I. Porton;J. H. Porter;M. Griffin;M. Ellersieck;W. Sadler
关于自由放养的红毛猩猩（Pongo abelii和P. pygmaeus）的饮食营养信息有限。虽然它们被归类为食果动物，但它们饮食的化学成分和胃肠道解剖结构表明，它们依靠纤维发酵获得很大一部分能量。然而，它们能在多大程度上发酵纤维还不清楚。建立了连续培养系统，接种了猩猩粪便细菌，以确定猩猩后肠道微生物群的纤维消化能力。培养物接受四种处理中的一种：大豆皮、玉米芯、玉米淀粉或不吃东西。干物质消化率和中性洗涤纤维消化率在处理间无显著差异。大豆壳处理和玉米芯处理的中性洗涤纤维消化率均较高，分别为88.4%和86.1%，说明该菌群具有较强的纤维分解能力。为了确定在体内是否有相同的纤维降解能力，两只成年猩猩和一只幼猩猩被喂食四种凝胶基质食物，其中包括大豆壳、玉米芯或灵长类动物饼干。凝胶基质的中性洗涤纤维浓度（干物质基）分别为大豆壳的52.9%、玉米芯的46.8%和63.7%、灵长类饼干的31.3%。第五组为灵长类饼干，添加27.3%的中性洗涤纤维（干物质基础），作为基线日粮。大豆壳凝胶饲粮中性洗涤纤维消化率最高，为74.5% (P < 0.05)，中性洗涤纤维（干物质基础）为63.7%的玉米芯凝胶饲粮和灵长类动物饼干基线饲粮中性洗涤纤维消化率最低，分别为57.5%和45.0% （P < 0.05）。不同饲粮的猩猩粪便中总挥发性脂肪酸浓度差异不显著；不同饲料中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的摩尔比差异不显著（P < 0.05）。两项研究的结果都表明，猩猩能够进行广泛的纤维发酵。
Abstract Limited nutritional information exists on diets of free-ranging orangutans, Pongo abelii and P. pygmaeus. Although they are classified as frugivores, the chemical composition of their diet and their gastrointestinal anatomy suggest that they rely on fiber fermentation for a substantial portion of energy. However, the extent to which they can ferment fiber is not known. Continuous culture systems, inoculated with orangutan fecal bacteria, were established to determine the fiber-digesting capacity of orangutan hindgut microflora. The cultures received one of four treatments: soybean hulls, ground corncobs, corn starch, or no food. Neither dry matter nor neutral detergent fiber digestibilities differed significantly among treatments. However, neutral detergent fiber digestibilities were high for both the soybean hull (88.4%) and ground corncob (86.1%) treatments, indicating that the microflora had a strong fibrolytic capability. To determine whether the same fiber-degrading capacity occurred in vivo, two adult orangutans and one juvenile were fed four gel-matrix diets containing soybean hulls, ground corncobs, or ground primate biscuits. Neutral detergent fiber concentrations (dry matter basis) of the gel matrices were 52.9% with soybean hulls, 46.8% and 63.7% with ground corncobs, and 31.3% with ground primate biscuits. A fifth diet consisted of primate biscuits with 27.3% neutral detergent fiber (dry matter basis) and was considered the baseline diet. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility (74.5%) was greatest (P < 0.05) for the soybean hull gel diet and least (57.5% and 45.0%, respectively; P < 0.05) for the 63.7% neutral detergent fiber (dry matter basis) corncob gel diet and the baseline primate biscuit diet. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations in orangutan feces were not significantly different among diets; however, molar proportions of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid differed (P < 0.05) among diets. The results from both studies indicated that orangutans are capable of extensive fiber fermentation.
Yamagiwa J：“影响大猩猩和黑猩猩种群结构的社会生态因素”灵长类动物。
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