Comparing eye trackers by correlating their eye-metric data
Comparing eye trackers by correlating their eye-metric data
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DOI：
10.3758/s13428-017-0954-y
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Sedlmeier, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Titz, Johannes;Scholz, Agnes;Sedlmeier, Peter
到目前为止，眼动跟踪在科学和日常生活中的潜力还没有完全实现，因为跟踪器的购买成本很高。最近，制造商推出了低成本设备，为更广泛地使用这种未充分利用的技术铺平了道路。一旦科学家们独立于制造商证明低成本的设备对于应用和研究来说足够准确，眼球追踪器的真实的出现就会到来。为了促进这一发展，我们提出了一种简单的方法来比较两个眼动仪，采用了心理学家在诊断学中已经实践了几十年的方法：将结构关联起来以显示可靠性和有效性。在一项实验室研究中，我们同时运行了较新的低成本EyeTribe眼动仪和已建立的SensoMotoric Instruments眼动仪，将一个放在另一个上面。这种设计使我们能够随着时间的推移直接关联两个设备的眼动跟踪指标。这项实验是在一项关于记忆的研究项目中进行的，26名参与者观看图片或文字，然后必须做出认知判断。两个跟踪器的输出，即瞳孔大小和关注点，高度相关，如混合效应模型中所估计的。此外，校准质量解释了大量的个体差异的目光，但不是瞳孔大小。由于数据质量不受影响，我们得出结论，在许多情况下，低成本的眼动仪可能是现有设备的可靠替代品。
Up to now, the potential of eye tracking in science as well as in everyday life has not been fully realized because of the high acquisition cost of trackers. Recently, manufacturers have introduced low-cost devices, preparing the way for wider use of this underutilized technology. As soon as scientists show independently of the manufacturers that low-cost devices are accurate enough for application and research, the real advent of eye trackers will have arrived. To facilitate this development, we propose a simple approach for comparing two eye trackers by adopting a method that psychologists have been practicing in diagnostics for decades: correlating constructs to show reliability and validity. In a laboratory study, we ran the newer, low-cost EyeTribe eye tracker and an established SensoMotoric Instruments eye tracker at the same time, positioning one above the other. This design allowed us to directly correlate the eye-tracking metrics of the two devices over time. The experiment was embedded in a research project on memory where 26 participants viewed pictures or words and had to make cognitive judgments afterwards. The outputs of both trackers, that is, the pupil size and point of regard, were highly correlated, as estimated in a mixed effects model. Furthermore, calibration quality explained a substantial amount of individual differences for gaze, but not pupil size. Since data quality is not compromised, we conclude that low-cost eye trackers, in many cases, may be reliable alternatives to established devices.