Leaf photosynthesis and associations with grain yield, biomass and nitrogen-use efficiency in landraces, synthetic-derived lines and cultivars in wheat
Leaf photosynthesis and associations with grain yield, biomass and nitrogen-use efficiency in landraces, synthetic-derived lines and cultivars in wheat
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2016.04.018
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Foulkes, M. John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gaju, Oorbessy;DeSilva, Jayalath;Foulkes, M. John
未来小麦籽粒产量的遗传进展将取决于地上生物量的增加，这必须在不相应增加氮肥投入的情况下实现，以尽量减少对环境的影响。我们的目标是量化一组不同的六倍体小麦种质中的籽粒产量、地上生物量和氮利用效率（NUE）以及相关性状的变异，所述六倍体小麦种质包括：（i）来自AE Watkins收集的地方品种，（ii）CV中的合成衍生的六倍体品系。模范春小麦背景和（iii）英国现代品种，包括品种。在低氮和高氮条件下均表现为Paragon。在英国诺丁汉大学农场进行了两个季节的田间试验，在低氮和高氮条件下检查15个基因型（5个地方品种，5个合成衍生（SD）六倍体品系和5个英国现代品种）。测定了机收籽粒产量、地上生物量和氮素利用效率。测定了高氮条件下旗叶光饱和光合速率（A（max））和相对叶绿素含量（SPAD），低氮和高氮条件下旗叶衰老持续时间、衰老速率和归一化植被指数（NDVI）。在高氮条件下，现代品种总体产量高于SD系（+9.7%）和地方品种（+60.4%）;现代品种和SD系的生物量也高于地方品种（分别为30.3%和28.4%）。在LN条件下，与HN条件相比，地方品种的籽粒产量和生物量减少最少（分别为-1%和8.6%），SD系居中（分别为-7.4%和10.2%），现代品种最高（分别为-9.3%和24.6%）。结果表明，在LN条件下，SD品系的生物量（+17%）高于现代品种。在HN条件下，人工衍生品种（23.8 μ mol m（-2）s（-1））和现代品种（241.1 μ mol m（-2）s（-1））的开花前A（max）显著高于地方品种（19.7 μ mol m（-2）s（-1））（P < 0.001）。在15个基因型中，开花前A（max）与地上部分生物量（R-2 = 0.63，P < 0.001）和籽粒产量（R-2 = 0.75，P < 0.001）呈极显著正相关。旗叶A（max）与开花期旗叶相对叶绿素含量呈显著正相关（R-2 = 0.74; P < 0.001）。与轮回亲本Paragon相比，在HN条件下，一个品系（SD 22）的花前旗叶A（max）高于Paragon（P < 0.05）。在LN条件下，一个品系（SD 24，+27%）的产量高于Paragon（P < 0.05），两个品系（SD 24和SD 38，分别为+32%和+31%）的生物量高于Paragon（P < 0.05）。我们的研究结果表明，从合成衍生的小麦和地方品种到英国现代小麦种质渐渗性状提供了范围，以提高地上生物量和粮食产量在中度至低氮可用性环境。(C)2016由Elsevier B. V.出版
Future genetic progress in wheat grain yield will depend on increasing above-ground biomass and this must be achieved without commensurate increases in N fertilizer inputs to minimise environmental impacts. Our objective was to quantify variation in grain yield, above-ground biomass and N-use efficiency (NUE) and associated traits in a panel of diverse hexaploid wheat germplasm comprising: (i) landraces from the AE Watkins collection, (ii) synthetic-derived hexaploid lines in a cv. Paragon spring wheat background and (iii) UK modern cultivars including cv. Paragon under low N and high N conditions. A field experiment was carried out in two seasons examining 15 genotypes (five landraces, five synthetic-derived (SD) hexaploid lines and five UK modern cultivars) under low N and high N conditions at Nottingham University farm, UK. Machine-harvested grain yield, above-ground biomass and NUE were measured. Physiological traits were assessed including flag-leaf light-saturated photosynthetic rate (A(max)) and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) under HN conditions; and flag-leaf senescence duration and rate and Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) under LN and HN conditions. Under HN conditions, the modern cultivars overall produced higher grain yield than the SD lines (+9.7%) and the landraces (+60.4%); and the modern cultivars and SD lines also produced higher biomass than the landraces (30.3% and 28.4%, respectively). Under LN conditions, reduction in grain yield and biomass compared to HN conditions was least for the landraces (-1% and 8.6%, respectively), intermediate for the SD lines (-7.4 and -10.2%, respectively) and highest for the modern cultivars (-9.3 and -24.6%, respectively). As a result, the SD lines had higher biomass (+17%) than the modern cultivars under LN conditions. Under HN conditions the synthetic derivatives (23.8 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) and modern cultivars (241.1 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) had higher pre-anthesis A(max) than the landraces (19.7 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) (P < 0.001). Pre-anthesis A(max) was strongly positively linearly associated with above-ground biomass (R-2 = 0.63, P < 0.001) and grain yield (R-2 = 0.75, P < 0.001) amongst the 15 genotypes. Flag-leaf A(max) was also positively linearly associated with flag-leaf relative chlorophyll content at anthesis (R-2 = 0.74; P < 0.001). Comparing the SD lines to the recurrent parent Paragon, under HN conditions one line (SD 22) had higher pre-anthesis flag-leaf A(max) than Paragon (P < 0.05). Under LN conditions one line (SD 24, +27%) had higher yield than Paragon (P < 0.05) and two lines (SD 24 and SD 38, +32% and +31%, respectively) had more biomass than Paragon (P < 0.05). Our results indicated that introgressing traits from synthetic-derived wheat and landraces into UK modern wheat germplasm offers scope to raise above-ground biomass and grain yield in moderate-to-low N availability environments. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.