Dissociable Contributions of Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Basolateral Amygdala on a Rodent Cost/Benefit Decision-Making Task of Cognitive Effort
Dissociable Contributions of Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Basolateral Amygdala on a Rodent Cost/Benefit Decision-Making Task of Cognitive Effort
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DOI：
10.1038/npp.2014.27
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Winstanley, Catharine A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hosking, Jay G.;Cocker, Paul J.;Winstanley, Catharine A.
个人的成功往往需要选择花费更大的努力来获得更大的回报，而这种努力决策的缺陷伴随着许多疾病，包括抑郁症、精神分裂症和注意力缺陷/多动障碍。动物模型表明，基底外侧杏仁核(BLA)和前扣带回(ACC)等脑区参与了基于体力的选择，但事实证明，将这两个区域的独特贡献分开是困难的，工业化社会的努力需求本质上主要是认知需求。在这里，我们利用了啮齿动物认知努力任务(RCET)，这是一种由五个选择组成的系列反应时间任务的修改，其中动物可以选择花费更大的视觉空间注意力来获得更大的蔗糖奖励。BLA和ACC的暂时失活(通过巴氯芬-蝇草酚)显示出分离的效果：BLA失活导致勤奋工作的大鼠‘懈怠’，而ACC失活导致所有动物降低耗费脑力劳动的意愿。此外，BLA失活增加了做出选择所需的时间，而ACC失活增加了运动冲动。这些数据阐明了BLA和ACC对基于努力的决策做出的独特贡献，并暗示了认知努力与身体努力之间重叠但截然不同的回路。因此，我们对费力决策的理解可能需要将我们的模型扩展到纯粹的物理成本之外。
Personal success often requires the choice to expend greater effort for larger rewards, and deficits in such effortful decision making accompany a number of illnesses including depression, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Animal models have implicated brain regions such as the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in physical effort-based choice, but disentangling the unique contributions of these two regions has proven difficult, and effort demands in industrialized society are predominantly cognitive in nature. Here we utilize the rodent cognitive effort task (rCET), a modification of the five-choice serial reaction-time task, wherein animals can choose to expend greater visuospatial attention to obtain larger sucrose rewards. Temporary inactivation (via baclofen-muscimol) of BLA and ACC showed dissociable effects: BLA inactivation caused hard-working rats to 'slack off and 'slacker' rats to work harder, whereas ACC inactivation caused all animals to reduce willingness to expend mental effort. Furthermore, BLA inactivation increased the time needed to make choices, whereas ACC inactivation increased motor impulsivity. These data illuminate unique contributions of BLA and ACC to effort-based decision making, and imply overlapping yet distinct circuitry for cognitive vs physical effort. Our understanding of effortful decision making may therefore require expanding our models beyond purely physical costs.