Cross-ISA Container Migration
Cross-ISA Container Migration
复制标题
跨 ISA 容器迁移
DOI：
10.1145/2928275.2933275
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mike Rapoport
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Nider;Mike Rapoport
容器是封装和隔离应用程序的便捷方式。它们比虚拟机产生更少的开销，并提供更大的灵活性和多功能性以提高服务器利用率。许多新的云应用程序都是以微服务风格编写的，以利用容器技术。应用程序的每个组件都可以封装在单独的容器中，从而可以使用自动缩放等其他功能。然而，遗留应用程序也可以从提供更高效的开发和部署模型的容器中受益。在现代数据中心中，编排中间件负责容器放置、SLA 实施和资源管理。编排软件可以实施各种策略来管理资源。当检测到数据中心运营效率低下时，编排软件可以采取纠正措施以满足当前策略。电源效率正在成为设计数据中心和定义编排中间件策略时考虑的最重要特征之一[4]。不同的服务器架构具有不同的功率效率和能量比例特性。最近的研究表明，异构系统具有显着提高能源效率的潜力[3, 5]。我们的工作重点是中间件实施功率优化策略所需的机制。我们研究异构数据中心内服务器之间容器化应用程序的迁移，以优化电源效率。在不同架构之间迁移正在运行的容器依赖于源服务器和目标服务器上应用环境的兼容性。容器被视为一组一个或多个进程，每个进程都必须具有迁移的能力。修改后的编译器用于以允许程序在不同体系结构之间迁移的方式构建可执行文件。源服务器和目标服务器还必须具有共享文件系统和相当的网络功能。我们利用 Linux 内核 [2] 中最近添加的用户空间页面错误功能来实现 CRIU [1] 中的复制后容器迁移。复制后迁移显着减少了容器的感知停机时间，并且还可能减少网络流量。我们建议创建一个具有不同架构（即 ARM、POWER 和 x86）的服务器集群，并通过高速、低延迟网络连接。该集群将在容器化环境中运行 SaaS 应用程序。这些应用程序将使用专门的工具链构建，以确保所有架构中的内存布局相同，从而实现运行时的无缝迁移。跨 ISA 迁移的大部分挑战与工具链适配有关，并确保集群中各个服务器之间运行时环境的兼容性。在具有不同能源比例特征的服务器之间高效迁移正在运行的容器的能力可以提高空闲期间的节能效果，而不会影响 SLA 承诺。
Containers are a convenient way of encapsulating and isolating applications. They incur less overhead than virtual machines and provide more flexibility and versatility to improve server utilization. Many new cloud applications are being written in the microservices style to take advantage of container technologies. Each component of the application can be encapsulated in a separate container, which enables the use of other features such as auto-scaling. However, legacy applications can also benefit from containers which provide more efficient development and deployment models. In modern data centers, orchestration middle-ware is responsible for container placement, SLA enforcement and resource management. The orchestration software can implement various policies for managing the resources. The orchestration software can take corrective actions when detecting inefficiencies in the data center operation to satisfy the current policy. Power efficiency is becoming one of the most important characteristics taken into account when designing a data center and defining policy for the orchestration middleware [4]. Different server architectures have different power efficiency and energy proportionality characteristics. Recent research has shown that heterogeneous systems have the potential to significantly improve energy efficiency[3, 5]. Our work focuses on the mechanism required by the middle-ware to implement a power optimization policy. We research migration of containerized applications between servers inside a heterogeneous data center, for the purpose of optimizing power efficiency. Migrating a running container between different architectures relies on the compatibility of the application environment on the source and destination servers. Containers are viewed as a set of one or more processes and each process must have the ability to be migrated. A modified compiler is used to build executables in a manner allowing the program migration between different architectures. The source and destination servers must also have a shared file system and comparable networking capabilities. We take advantage of the recently added user-space page fault feature in the Linux kernel [2] to implement post-copy container migration in CRIU [1]. Post-copy migration significantly reduces perceived down-time of the container, and can potentially reduce network traffic as well. We propose creating a cluster of servers with different architectures (i.e., ARM, POWER, and x86) connected with a high-speed, low-latency network. This cluster will run SaaS applications in a containerized environment. The applications will be built using a specialized toolchain that ensures an identical memory layout across all architectures, enabling seamless migration at runtime. The majority of the challenges in cross-ISA migration are related to the toolchain adaptation, and ensuring the compatibility of the runtime environment across various servers in the cluster. The ability to efficiently migrate running containers between servers with different energy proportionality characteristics provides improved power savings during idle periods without compromising SLA commitments.