THE KAKA NESTOR-MERIDIONALIS, A NEW-ZEALAND PARROT ENDANGERED BY INTRODUCED WASPS AND MAMMALS
THE KAKA NESTOR-MERIDIONALIS, A NEW-ZEALAND PARROT ENDANGERED BY INTRODUCED WASPS AND MAMMALS
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DOI：
10.1016/0006-3207(91)90086-o
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发表时间：
1991-01-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
WILSON, PR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BEGGS, JR;WILSON, PR
卡卡鹦鹉是新西兰特有的一种森林鹦鹉，其数量在本世纪有所下降。 我们测量了南岛亚种N. m的残余人口的能量和繁殖成功。在山毛榉Nothofagus森林修改引入浏览的哺乳动物。 在六年中，只有一个成功的卡卡巢被发现，我们认为，高净能量回报的食物短缺限制了繁殖成功。 在夏季，卡卡从介壳虫Ultracoelostoma assimile分泌的蜜露中获得大部分日常能量需求，但在秋季，这不再可用。 引进胡蜂在秋天积累到瘟疫的比例，消耗了大部分的蜜露。 唯一一只成功繁殖的雌性卡卡随后被白鼬鼬杀死。 我们预测在密度下降南岛卡卡山毛榉林。
The kaka Nestor meridionalis is a forest parrot endemic to New Zealand, whose numbers have declined this century. We measured the energetics and breeding success of a remnant population of the South Island subspecies N.m. meridionalis in a beech Nothofagus forest modified by introduced browsing mammals. In six years only one successful kaka nest was found, and we suggest that a shortage of food with a high net energy return is limiting reproductive success. In summer, kaka obtained most of their daily energy requirements from honeydew excreted by the scale insect Ultracoelostoma assimile, but in autumn this was no longer available. Introduced wasps Vespula spp. build up to plague proportions in autumn, and consumed most of the honeydew. The only female kaka to breed successfully was subsequently killed by a stoat Mustela erminea. We predict a decline in the density of South Island kaka in beech forests.