Age related effects of restricted head movements on the useful field of view of drivers
Age related effects of restricted head movements on the useful field of view of drivers
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DOI：
10.1016/s0001-4575(97)00048-1
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发表时间：
1997-11-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Hansson, GJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Isler, RB;Parsonson, BS;Hansson, GJ
80名驾驶员分为四组，每组20人（10名男性，10名女性），年龄在30岁以下（“年轻”），40-59岁（“中年”），60-69岁（“老年”），70岁及以上（“老年”），参加了头部旋转和几个视觉功能的测试，安全驾驶。头部旋转数据显示，年龄最大的驾驶员失去了大约1/3的运动，这种损失在男性中更为明显。第二次尝试几乎总是产生稍微好一点的结果。所有参与者的双眼视力至少为20/40，然而，单眼视力、立体视觉和水平周边视觉的测试显示，表现最差的是60岁及以上的人，而且随着年龄的增长，视力下降的程度也在增加。样本中许多年龄较大和年龄最大的司机都严重限制了他们转动头部的能力，并证明了视觉功能的丧失。减少头部运动的影响的分析表明，对于60岁及以上的司机，有一个明显的限制的距离，接近的交通可以被带到中央，静止的领域，这样，即使在最大的头部旋转加上一个扫视（15度），接近的车辆将不会被清楚地感知超过50米的距离。研究结果进行了讨论，老年驾驶员参与交叉口事故。(C)1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Eighty drivers in a sample of four groups of 20 (10 males, 10 females), aged under 30 years ('young'), 40-59 ('middle aged'), 60-69 ('older'), and 70 years and over ('oldest'), participated in tests of head rotation and of several visual functions relevant to safe driving. Head rotation data showed that the oldest drivers had lost about 1/3 of movement and that the loss tended to be more evident in males. Second attempts almost always produced slightly better results. All participants had at least 20/40 binocular vision, however, tests of monocular visual acuity, stereovision, and horizontal peripheral vision revealed that the poorest performers were aged 60 years and over and that the degree of decrement increased with age. Many of the older and oldest drivers in the sample were both severely restricted in their ability to turn their head and evidenced a loss of visual functioning. Analysis of the effect of reduced head movement on the useful held of view indicated that, for the drivers aged 60 years and over, there was an evident restriction on the distances at which approaching traffic could be brought into the central, stationary field, so that even at maximum head rotation plus one saccade (15 degrees), approaching vehicles would not be clearly perceived beyond a distance of 50 m. The findings are discussed in relation to older drivers' involvement in intersection accidents. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.