Towards Breast Cancer Vaccines, Progress and Challenges
Towards Breast Cancer Vaccines, Progress and Challenges
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DOI：
10.2174/1570163815666180502164652
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Behravan, Ghazal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Behravan, Javad;Razazan, Atefeh;Behravan, Ghazal
乳腺癌是女性癌症死亡的第二大原因。美国国家癌症研究所估计，每八名女性中就有一人在有生之年被诊断出患有乳腺癌。考虑到这种疾病的破坏性影响和令人震惊的数字，许多科学家和研究小组都致力于抗击乳腺癌的研究。有几项建议被认为是预防措施，包括健康的生活方式、定期的体育活动、控制体重和戒烟。许多医疗机构建议在40岁后通过年度定期乳房X光检查及早发现该病。这将有助于在疾病的早期阶段进行诊断，并在疾病扩散到身体其他部位之前开始治疗。目前乳腺癌的治疗方法包括手术消融、放疗和化疗，这些治疗往往伴随着不良反应，甚至可能导致疾病在后期复发。为了获得持久的抗癌反应，并将不良反应降至最低，许多实验室正在研究乳腺癌疫苗的开发。针对乳腺癌的疫苗可以刺激免疫系统。近年来，这种方法吸引了人们的极大热情。目前还没有乳腺癌疫苗被批准用于临床。一种乳腺癌疫苗(NeuVax)现在已经完成了第三阶段的临床试验，一些预防和治疗性乳腺癌疫苗正处于不同的开发阶段。我们认为，随着最近免疫疗法的进步，乳腺癌疫苗已经不远了。
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women. National cancer institute of the US estimates that one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetime. Considering the devastating effects of the disease and the alarming numbers many scientists and research groups have devoted their research to fight breast cancer. Several recommendations are to be considered as preventing measures which include living a healthy lifestyle, regular physical activity, weight control and smoking cessation. Early detection of the disease by annual and regular mammography after the age of 40 is recommended by many healthcare institutions. This would help the diagnosis of the disease at an earlier stage and the start of the treatment before it is spread to other parts of the body. Current therapy for breast cancer includes surgical ablation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy which is often associated with adverse effects and even may lead to a relapse of the disease at a later stage. In order to achieve a long-lasting anticancer response with minimal adverse effects, development of breast cancer vaccines is under investigation by many laboratories. The immune system can be stimulated by a vaccine against breast cancer. This approach has attracted a great enthusiasm in recent years. No breast cancer vaccines have been approved for clinical use today. One breast cancer vaccine (NeuVax) has now completed clinical trial phase III and a few preventive and therapeutic breast cancer vaccines are at different steps of development. We think that with the recent advancements in immunotherapy, a breast cancer vaccine is not far from reach.