PLANTS, MITES AND MUTUALISM - LEAF DOMATIA AND THE ABUNDANCE AND REPRODUCTION OF MITES ON VIBURNUM-TINUS (CAPRIFOLIACEAE)
PLANTS, MITES AND MUTUALISM - LEAF DOMATIA AND THE ABUNDANCE AND REPRODUCTION OF MITES ON VIBURNUM-TINUS (CAPRIFOLIACEAE)
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00317319
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发表时间：
1994-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
ODOWD, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GROSTAL, P;ODOWD, DJ
螨虫和叶瘤之间的关联已被广泛报道，但人们对其对植物或螨虫的影响知之甚少。通过在花园和实验室中从月桂树、Viburnumtinus L.（忍冬科）的叶子上切除圆瘤，我们发现圆瘤改变了潜在植物互利共生体的丰度、分布和繁殖。在 4 个月的时间里，六种花园灌木上有 domatia 的叶子上的捕食性和食微生物螨虫数量比没有 domatia 的叶子多 2-36 倍，而且螨卵也多了 2-36 倍。然而，这种效果因植物而异，并且在叶子上很少有螨虫的灌木上较弱。 Domatia 还影响了螨虫在叶子上的分布。在有小瘤的叶子的叶脉腋中发现的螨虫比例显着高于没有小瘤的叶子的叶脉腋，代表所有生命阶段。实验室的单叶实验表明，Domatia 增强了捕食性螨虫 Metaseiulus occidentalis 的繁殖，尤其是在相对湿度较低（30-38%）的情况下。当去除多马蒂亚时，只有在相对湿度较低的情况下，产卵量才会显着减少，这表明多马蒂亚为螨虫提供了躲避叶表面极端环境的庇护所。此外，捕食性螨虫对多马提亚的利用可能会减少一些植物天敌的影响。在两个测量猎物消耗量的实验中，西方小蜘蛛吃掉的二斑叶螨（Tetranychus urticae）卵的比例明显更高。我们的结果与螨-多玛蒂亚关联是互利共生的观点是一致的。通过直接帮助和促进第三营养级，具有叶瘤的植物可以提高一些食肉螨和食微生物螨消耗植物天敌的效率。
Associations between mites and leaf domatia have been widely reported, but little is known about their consequences for either plants or mites. By excising domatia from leaves of the laureltinus, Viburnum tinus L. (Caprifoliaceae), in the garden and laboratory, we showed that domatia alter the abundance, distribution, and reproduction of potential plant mutualists. Over 4 months, leaves with domatia on six garden shrubs had 2-36 times more predatory and microbivorous mites, and more mite eggs than leaves without domatia. However, this effect varied among plants and was weaker on one shrub with few mites on its leaves. Domatia also influenced the distribution of mites on leaves. A significantly higher fraction of mites, representing all life stages, was found in vein axils of leaves with domatia than in vein axils on leaves without domatia. Single-leaf experiments in the laboratory showed that domatia enhanced reproduction by the predatory mite, Metaseiulus occidentalis, especially at low relative humidity (30-38%). When domatia were removed, oviposition was reduced significantly only at low relative humidity, suggesting that domatia provide mites with refuge from environmental extremes on the leaf surface. Moreover, the use of domatia by predatory mites may reduce the impact of some plant enemies. In two experiments where prey consumption was measured, M. occidentalis ate significantly higher percentages of the eggs of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). Our results are consistent with the viewpoint that mite-domatia associations are mutualistic. By directly aiding and abetting the third trophic level, plants with leaf domatia may increase the efficiency of some predaceous and microbivorous mites in consuming plant enemies.