Nonclassical innervation patterns in mammalian extraocular muscles.
Nonclassical innervation patterns in mammalian extraocular muscles.
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DOI：
10.3109/02713683.2012.676699
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发表时间：
2012-09
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Demer JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
da Silva Costa RM;Kung J;Poukens V;Demer JL
外展神经（CN 6）和眼神经（CN 3）（nn）通过其全局表面进入目标眼外肌（EOM）;滑车神经（CN 4）进入眶表面上的上级斜肌（SO）。运动神经网络被经典地描述为在其中间三分之一处进入眼外肌。我们调查眼外肌神经支配，不遵循经典模式。对两个人和猴、牛和兔各一个的完整眼眶进行石蜡包埋，在冠状面连续切片，并用Masson三色法和胆碱乙酰转移酶（ChAT）免疫组织化学法制备。眼外肌的神经支配从眶尖向巩膜附着点追踪，并对部分眼外肌进行三维重建。ChAT阳性的经典运动神经元进入直肌和SO眼外肌，向前行进，通常不显示复发分支。在每一个轨道，非经典（NC）nn进入每个眼外肌以及后经典电机nn。这些NC神经网络进入和分叉在后眼外肌，主要是在眶层（OL），但往往进入全球层或进入相邻的眼外肌。其他NC神经网络起源于眶尖，并通过其眶表面进入每个眼外肌，最终与经典的电机神经网络。混合感觉和运动神经网络互连眼外肌纺锤体。EOMs表现出以前未描述的NC神经支配起源于近端轨道，部分加入经典的运动神经网络的分支模式。这种NC神经支配出现优先的OL，并可能有混合补充电机和/或本体感受功能，也许取决于物种。NC神经支配的起源目前尚不清楚。
The abducens (CN6) and oculomotor (CN3) nerves (nn) enter target extraocular muscles (EOMs) via their global surfaces; the trochlear (CN4) nerve enters the superior oblique (SO) muscle on its orbital surface. Motor nn are classically described as entering the EOMs in their middle thirds. We investigated EOM innervation that does not follow the classic pattern. Intact, whole orbits of two humans and one each monkey, cow, and rabbit were paraffin embedded, serially sectioned in coronal plane, and prepared with Masson’s trichrome and by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry. Nerves innervating EOMs were traced from the orbital apex toward the scleral insertion, and some were reconstructed in three dimensions. Classical motor nn positive for ChAT entered rectus and SO EOMs and coursed anteriorly, without usually exhibiting recurrent branches. In every orbit, nonclassical (NC) nn entered each EOM well posterior to classical motor nn. These NC nn entered and arborized in the posterior EOMs, mainly within the orbital layer (OL), but often traveled into the global layer or entered an adjacent EOM. Other NC nn originated in the orbital apex and entered each EOM through its orbital surface, ultimately anastomosing with classical motor nn. Mixed sensory and motor nn interconnected EOM spindles. EOMs exhibit a previously undescribed pattern of NC innervation originating in the proximal orbit that partially joins branches of the classical motor nn. This NC innervation appears preferential for the OL, and may have mixed supplemental motor and/or proprioceptive functions, perhaps depending upon species. The origin of the NC innervation is currently unknown.