Gist-Based Conceptual Processing of Pictures Remains Intact in Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Gist-Based Conceptual Processing of Pictures Remains Intact in Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
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DOI：
10.1037/a0026958
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Ally, Brandon A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deason, Rebecca G.;Hussey, Erin P.;Ally, Brandon A.
目的：图片优势效应，即对图片的记忆优于对文字的记忆，已经在年轻人、健康老年人中被发现，最近在阿尔茨海默病和轻度认知障碍患者中也被发现。尽管图片优势效应被广泛发现，但关于是什么驱动了这种效应仍然存在争议。一个主要的问题是，是否是增强的感知或概念信息导致了图片比文字更有优势。在本实验中，我们考察了健康老年人和健忘轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者的图像优势效应，以更好地了解基于清单的概念加工的作用。方法：让被试学习三个类别的例子，分别是文字和图片。在测试阶段，参与者再次展示图片或单词，并被要求确定该项目是否与他们之前学习过的东西属于同一类别，还是来自一个新的类别。结果：所有被试均表现出较强的图片优势效应，对图片的认知优于对文字的认知。结论：这些结果表明，基于要点的图像概念处理在轻度认知损伤患者中得以保留。在健康的老年人中，保留对图片的回忆可能会导致图片优势效应，而在轻度认知障碍患者中，图片优势效应最有可能是由于对图片的概念上的熟悉程度降低，可能与他们提取和使用要点信息的完整能力相结合。
Objective: The picture superiority effect, better memory for pictures compared to words, has been found in young adults, healthy older adults, and, most recently, in patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Although the picture superiority effect is widely found, there is still debate over what drives this effect. One main question is whether it is enhanced perceptual or conceptual information that leads to the advantage for pictures over words. In this experiment, we examined the picture superiority effect in healthy older adults and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to better understand the role of gist-based conceptual processing. Method: We had participants study three exemplars of categories as either words or pictures. In the test phase, participants were again shown pictures or words and were asked to determine whether the item was in the same category as something they had studied earlier or whether it was from a new category. Results: We found that all participants demonstrated a robust picture superiority effect, better performance for pictures than for words. Conclusions: These results suggest that the gist-based conceptual processing of pictures is preserved in patients with MCI. While in healthy older adults preserved recollection for pictures could lead to the picture superiority effect, in patients with MCI it is most likely that the picture superiority effect is a result of spared conceptually based familiarity for pictures, perhaps combined with their intact ability to extract and use gist information.