Lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D protects against alpha-synuclein aggregation and toxicity.

Lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D protects against alpha-synuclein aggregation and toxicity.
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DOI:
10.1186/1756-6606-1-17
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发表时间:
2008-11-21
期刊:
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
Zhang J
Zhang J
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Qiao L;Hamamichi S;Caldwell KA;Caldwell GA;Yacoubian TA;Wilson S;Xie ZL;Speake LD;Parks R;Crabtree D;Liang Q;Crimmins S;Schneider L;Uchiyama Y;Iwatsubo T;Zhou Y;Peng L;Lu Y;Standaert DG;Walls KC;Shacka JJ;Roth KA;Zhang J

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α-突触核蛋白(α-syn)是路易体(L B)的主要成分,存在于许多神经退行性疾病中,包括帕金森病(PD)、痴呆伴L B(D L B)和多系统萎缩。α-SYN突变或扩增是常染色体显性遗传性家族性帕金森病的一个子集的原因,过度表达会导致动物的神经退化和运动障碍。为了探讨α-SYN蓄积和毒性的机制,我们研究了溶酶体酶组织蛋白酶D(CD)缺乏的小鼠模型,发现内源性α-SYN在没有过量α-SYN mRNA表达的神经元中广泛积聚。除了自噬功能受损外,Cd缺乏还降低了蛋白酶体的活性,提示溶酶体Cd功能在调节对α-SYN新陈代谢至关重要的多条蛋白分解途径中起着重要作用。相反,CD过表达减少α-SYN聚集,并在体外对α-SYN过表达诱导的细胞死亡具有神经保护作用。在线虫模型中,镉缺乏加剧了α-SYN的积累,而其过表达则对α-SYN诱导的多巴胺能神经退化具有保护作用。在蠕虫模型中,具有酶活性降低或组织蛋白酶B(CB)或L(CL)过表达的突变CD不具有保护作用,表明对具有酶活性的CD有独特的需求。我们的数据确定了CD在α-SYN降解中的保守功能,并将CD确定为LB病治疗的新靶点。
α-synuclein (α-syn) is a main component of Lewy bodies (LB) that occur in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with LB (DLB) and multi-system atrophy. α-syn mutations or amplifications are responsible for a subset of autosomal dominant familial PD cases, and overexpression causes neurodegeneration and motor disturbances in animals. To investigate mechanisms for α-syn accumulation and toxicity, we studied a mouse model of lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D (CD) deficiency, and found extensive accumulation of endogenous α-syn in neurons without overabundance of α-syn mRNA. In addition to impaired macroautophagy, CD deficiency reduced proteasome activity, suggesting an essential role for lysosomal CD function in regulating multiple proteolytic pathways that are important for α-syn metabolism. Conversely, CD overexpression reduces α-syn aggregation and is neuroprotective against α-syn overexpression-induced cell death in vitro. In a C. elegans model, CD deficiency exacerbates α-syn accumulation while its overexpression is protective against α-syn-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Mutated CD with diminished enzymatic activity or overexpression of cathepsins B (CB) or L (CL) is not protective in the worm model, indicating a unique requirement for enzymatically active CD. Our data identify a conserved CD function in α-syn degradation and identify CD as a novel target for LB disease therapeutics.
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