Studies on self-incompatibility of Hassaku (Citrus hassaku hort. ex Tanaka). I. On the pollen behavior in pistils in self-pollination, and the effect of various treatments to overcome the self-incompatibility
Studies on self-incompatibility of Hassaku (Citrus hassaku hort. ex Tanaka). I. On the pollen behavior in pistils in self-pollination, and the effect of various treatments to overcome the self-incompatibility
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八角（Citrus hassaku hort. ex Tanaka）自交不亲和性的研究。
DOI：
10.2503/jjshs1.78.61
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发表时间：
1980
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Yamashita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Yamashita
本试验用扫描电镜和荧光显微镜对八朔柑桔（Citrus hassaku hort.ex Tanaka）自交不亲和性进行了形态学和组织学观察。同时，还进行了多种处理，寻找克服自交不亲和性的有效方法。1.比较了自花授粉和异花授粉的成熟花蕾柱头上的花粉行为。异花授粉后不久，柱头分泌物开始覆盖花粉粒，授粉后9小时，花粉粒完全被分泌物覆盖。与此相反，自花授粉的花粉粒不像异花授粉的花粉粒那么快被分泌物覆盖，甚至在授粉后9小时，在柱头的某些部位也能清楚地观察到单个的花粉粒。此外，自花授粉的种子发芽势似乎比异花授粉的种子发芽势稍弱。2.未成熟花蕾上柱头分泌物的量为成熟花蕾的一半，明显少于第二天开放的成熟花蕾。未分化芽的柱头上有许多明显的乳突细胞。未成熟花蕾自花授粉，授粉后24小时观察柱头，由于柱头分泌物较少，几乎所有的花粉粒仍然清晰可见。发芽势也稍弱于成熟花蕾自花授粉的情况下。3.对成熟花蕾和未成熟花蕾进行自花授粉和异花授粉，观察其花粉管生长情况。对于成熟的花蕾，在授粉后第5天，日向夏的花粉管就已进入子房。但授粉后第9天，几乎所有的花粉管仍留在柱头中。在未成熟的花蕾上，Hyuganatsu的花粉管迅速长入花柱，授粉后第9天进入子房的花粉管数是成熟花蕾异花授粉的5倍。另一方面，即使在授粉后9天，所有的Hadaku的花粉管都没有到达花柱的下部。4.在所有处理中，未成熟花蕾连续4天重复授粉获得自花受精种子的效果最好。
In the present experiment, some morphological and histological observations were made by means of both scanning electron and fluorescent microscopy concerning self-incompatibility in Hassaku, Citrus hassaku hort. ex Tanaka. Meanwhile, various treatments were tried in search of an effective method to overcome the selfincompatibility. 1. The pollen behavior on stigmas of self-pollinated mature flower buds was compared with that of buds cross-pollinated with Hyuganatsu, Citrus tamurana hort. ex Tanaka. Soon after cross-pollination, the stigma exudate began to co ver the pollen grains ; 9 hours after pollination, the pollen grains were completely covered by the exudate. In contrast, self-pollinated pollen grains were not covered by the exudate so quickly as cross-pollinated grains, and individual grains were observed rather clearly on some parts of the stigma even 9 hours after pollination. Furthermore, the germination vigour in the case of self-pollination seemed to be a little weaker than that in the case of cross-pollination. 2. The amount of stigma exudate observed on immature flower buds, half the length of mature ones, was clearly less than that on mature flower buds which were to open the next day. Many papilla cells were clearly observed on the stigmas of immattre buds. When immatre flower buds were self-pollinated, and their stigmas were observed 24 hours after pollination, almost all the pollen grains were still cleary visible, because of the lesser secretion of stigma exudate. Germination vigour was also somewhat weaker than in the case of self-pollination on mature flower buds. 3. The pollen tube growth was observed after selfand cross-pollination on both mature flower buds and immature ones. In the case of mature flower buds , the pollen tubes of Hyuganatsu penetrated into the ovaries by the 5 th day after pollination. However, almost all the pollen tubes of Hassaku were still in the stigma even 9 days after pollination. In the case of immature flower buds, the pollen tubes of Hyuganatsu grew rapidly into the styles ; the number of the pollen tubes which had penetrated into ovaries by the 9 th day after pollination was five times larger than that observed in the case of cross-pollination onto mature buds. On the other hand, all the pollen tubes of Hassaku had not reached the lower portion of the styles even 9 days after pollination. 4. Repeated pollination of immature flower buds for 4 continuous days was found to be most effective for obtaining the self-fertilized seeds among all the treatments used.