Driving behaviour in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Driving behaviour in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/s12888-015-0566-y
复制
发表时间：
2015-07-28
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Hollis C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Groom MJ;van Loon E;Daley D;Chapman P;Hollis C
认知障碍对ADHD成人驾驶的影响知之甚少。目前的研究比较了患有和没有多动症的成年人在两个不同路线上的驾驶模拟器的表现：我们假设会加剧多动症的弱冲动控制的城市路线和高速公路路线，以挑战持续注意力的缺陷。患有ADHD （n = 22,16名男性）和未患有ADHD （n = 21,18名男性）的成年人完成模拟驾驶过程，同时记录眼球运动数据。参与者还完成了曼彻斯特驾驶行为问卷（DBQ）和康纳斯成人多动症评定量表（CAARS）。驾驶表现的衡量标准包括平均速度、超过速度限制的行驶距离比例（超速）和车道偏差。这些变量和眼动测量（注视的传播，平均注视时间）在组和路线之间进行比较。此外，驾驶行为，包括对程序事件的反应，被分类，并在组之间比较类别内的频率。最后，进行言语分析，比较各组之间驾驶时的情绪言语表达。ADHD参与者报告的DBQ违规和疏失明显多于对照组，事故也明显多于对照组。平均速度和超速也较高，但与路线类型无关。ADHD参与者表现出较差的车辆控制能力，对其他道路使用者更大程度的沮丧（包括更频繁的负面评论），以及在高速公路上变道/超车时更不安全驾驶的趋势。这些影响是由多动/冲动CAARS评分预测的。在城市路线上发生事故时，他们也更有可能造成撞车或险些相撞。结果表明，难以调节和控制冲动行为（反映在超速、对其他道路使用者的沮丧、在高速公路上变道时不太安全以及意外事件后发生事故的可能性更大）是ADHD患者驾驶受损的基础。多动/冲动症状与这些指标相关。在这个特殊的研究中，持续注意力的缺陷似乎起着较小的作用，尽管需要进一步的研究来确定对注意力的影响是否会在更长的时间内出现和/或受到模拟器环境的新颖性的影响。
Little is known about the impact of cognitive impairments on driving in adults with ADHD. The present study compared the performance of adults with and without ADHD in a driving simulator on two different routes: an urban route which we hypothesised would exacerbate weak impulse control in ADHD and a motorway route, to challenge deficits in sustained attention. Adults with (n = 22, 16 males) and without (n = 21, 18 males) ADHD completed a simulated driving session while eye movement data were recorded simultaneously. Participants also completed the Manchester Driving Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) and the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS). Measures of driving performance included average speed, proportion distance travelled over speed limit (speeding) and lane deviation. These variables and the eye movement measures (spread of fixations, mean fixation duration) were compared between groups and routes. Also, driving behaviours, including responses to programmed events, were categorised and the frequencies within categories were compared between groups. Finally, speech analysis was performed to compare emotional verbal expressions during driving between groups. ADHD participants reported significantly more Violations and Lapses on the DBQ than control participants and significantly more accidents. Average speed and speeding were also higher but did not interact with route type. ADHD participants showed poorer vehicle control, greater levels of frustration with other road users (including greater frequencies of negative comments) and a trend for less safe driving when changing lanes/overtaking on the motorway. These effects were predicted by hyperactive/impulsive CAARS scores. They were also more likely to cause a crash/near miss when an event occurred on the urban route. The results suggest that difficulty regulating and controlling impulsive behavior, reflected in speeding, frustration with other road users, less safety when changing lanes on the motorway and a greater likelihood of an accident following an unexpected event, underlie impaired driving in ADHD. Hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms correlated with these indices. Deficits in sustained attention seemed to play a lesser role in this particular study, although further research is needed to determine whether effects on attention emerge over longer periods of time and/or are influenced by the novelty of the simulator environment.