Lessons learned from past ice-jam floods concerning the challenges of flood mapping
Lessons learned from past ice-jam floods concerning the challenges of flood mapping
复制标题
从过去的冰塞洪水中汲取的关于洪水测绘挑战的经验教训
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Beltaos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Lindenschmidt;Mikko Huokuna;B. Burrell;S. Beltaos
摘要在地图上标出洪水灾害和风险是一种有用的公众教育手段，也是减少未来洪水灾害的措施的基础。在许多北方国家，河流和溪流容易发生与冰有关的洪水，这往往导致比开放水域事件更高的水位和更广泛的损害。然而，分析与冰有关的洪水的程序和标准远不如针对开放水域事件的既定标准化方法常见。尽管如此，内在的洪水灾害沿着许多北方和中纬度河流是没有充分代表洪泛平原，洪水灾害，洪水风险图，如果冰塞洪水的可能性被忽略。幸运的是，洪水灾害的生物物理，过去的洪水，洪水包络的方法可以很容易地应用到冰有关的洪水，和水利技术的方法的基础上，提高了对河流冰过程的理解已经开发出来。在本文中，冰塞洪水的性质和严重性，目前的地位，划定与冰有关的洪水事件，以及面临的挑战，划定与冰有关的洪水进行了讨论。
ABSTRACT Delineation of flood hazard and risk on maps is useful as a means of public education and as a basis for measures aimed at lessening future flood damages. In many northern countries, rivers and streams are prone to ice-related flooding that often results in higher water levels and more extensive damages than open-water events. Procedures and standards for analysing ice-related flooding, however, are much less common than well-established standardized approaches for the open-water events. Nonetheless, the inherent flood hazard along many northern and mid-latitude rivers is not fully represented on flood-plain, flood-hazard, and flood-risk mapping if the possibility of ice-jam floods is ignored. Fortunately, the biophysical, past-flood, and flood-envelope approaches for flood hazard can be readily applied to ice-related floods, and hydrotechnical approaches based on an improved understanding of river-ice processes have been developed. In this paper, the nature and severity of ice-jam flooding, the present status of delineating ice-related flood events, and challenges to delineating ice-related floods are discussed.