Novel Blood-Based Early Cancer Detection: Diagnostics in Development
Novel Blood-Based Early Cancer Detection: Diagnostics in Development
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DOI：
10.37765/ajmc.2020.88533
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Beer, Tomasz M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beer, Tomasz M.
癌症影响着数百万美国人，而且病例数量正在稳步上升。癌症病例诊断的增加伴随着个人和经济负担的增加。早期发现可以改善治疗效果，并可能减轻癌症的负担。子宫颈癌的筛检是一个很好的例子，说明有效的筛检方法有可能大幅降低与癌症有关的发病率和死亡率。然而，目前许多筛查方法的假阳性率较高，增加了对过度诊断和过度治疗的担忧。能够检测多种类型癌症的血液检测是早期癌症检测的一种新兴方法。虽然有几种单一癌症检测方法正在开发中，但多种癌症筛查方法具有更大的潜力，可以在普通人群中进行广泛筛查。正在进行的临床试验验证了三种多癌筛查试验，包括CancerSEEK试验、Galleri试验和PanSeer试验，所有这些试验在初步发现中都显示出高特异性。在将多种癌症检测测试纳入普通人群癌症筛查之前，需要进一步验证。
Cancer affects millions of Americans, and the number of cases is steadily rising. The increase in diagnosis of cancer cases comes with an associated increase in personal and economic burden. Earlier detection can improve treatment outcomes and may reduce the burden of cancer. Screening for cervical cancer is a good example of the potential of effective screening methods to dramatically reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with cancer. However, many current screening methods have high false-positive rates, increasing the concern for overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Blood-based tests capable of detecting multiple types of cancer represent an emerging approach to early cancer detection. Although there are several single-cancer detection tests in development, multicancer screening tests have greater potential to allow for widespread screening in the general population. Three multicancer screening tests are being validated in ongoing clinical trials, including the CancerSEEK assay, the Galleri test, and the PanSeer assay, all of which show high specificity in preliminary findings. Further validation is required before multicancer detection tests are incorporated into general population cancer screening.