Decisions on Temporal Sampling Protocol Influence the Detection of Ecological Patterns
Decisions on Temporal Sampling Protocol Influence the Detection of Ecological Patterns
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00801.x
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Metzger, Jean Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Banks-Leite, Cristina;Ewers, Robert M.;Metzger, Jean Paul
物种可探测性的场地内差异是许多生物多样性评估的共同问题，可能严重影响评估结果。这种变化可能由许多因素引起，包括简单的计数不准确，这可以通过增加样本量或物种行为的时间变化来解决，这意味着时间采样协议的设计方式也非常重要。在这里，我们使用的例子，雾网热带鸟类，以确定如何在时间采样协议的设计决策可以改变收集的数据，以及这些变化可能会影响生态模式的检测，如物种面积关系（SAR）。使用从21,000净小时捕获的近3400只鸟类在巴西大西洋森林的31个站点的数据，我们发现，生态趋势的幅度保持相当稳定，但检测到统计上显着的生态模式的概率不同，这取决于采样工作，一天中的时间和季节进行采样。例如，在雨季检测到更多的物种，但SAR在旱季最强。我们发现，采样努力的时间分布比其总量更重要，发现类似的生态结果可以得到三分之一的总努力，只要每个网站已经平均采样超过2年。我们讨论的项目具有相同的采样努力和空间设计，但不同的时间采样协议可能会报告不同的生态模式，这可能最终导致不适当的保护策略。
Within-site variability in species detectability is a problem common to many biodiversity assessments and can strongly bias the results. Such variability can be caused by many factors, including simple counting inaccuracies, which can be solved by increasing sample size, or by temporal changes in species behavior, meaning that the way the temporal sampling protocol is designed is also very important. Here we use the example of mist-netted tropical birds to determine how design decisions in the temporal sampling protocol can alter the data collected and how these changes might affect the detection of ecological patterns, such as the species-area relationship (SAR). Using data from almost 3400 birds captured from 21,000 net-hours at 31 sites in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, we found that the magnitude of ecological trends remained fairly stable, but the probability of detecting statistically significant ecological patterns varied depending on sampling effort, time of day and season in which sampling was conducted. For example, more species were detected in the wet season, but the SAR was strongest in the dry season. We found that the temporal distribution of sampling effort was more important than its total amount, discovering that similar ecological results could have been obtained with one-third of the total effort, as long as each site had been equally sampled over 2 yr. We discuss that projects with the same sampling effort and spatial design, but with different temporal sampling protocol are likely to report different ecological patterns, which may ultimately lead to inappropriate conservation strategies.