An extensive record of orogenesis recorded in a Madagascar granulite

An extensive record of orogenesis recorded in a Madagascar granulite
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马达加斯加麻粒岩中记录的造山作用的广泛记录

DOI:
10.1111/jmg.12628
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Swindle, Carl R.
Swindle, Carl R.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Horton, Forrest;Holder, Robert M.;Swindle, Carl R.

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我们提出了一个全面的岩石学和地质年代学研究的一个单一的麻粒岩样品从岩石圈规模的Beraketa剪切带在马达加斯加南部,以约束冈瓦纳组装在这一地区的造山历史。所研究的样品通过应用石英中钛、锆石中钛、金红石中锆和斜方辉石中铝的热压法、相平衡建模、独居石、锆石和金红石岩石年代学以及金红石中微量元素扩散年代学,提供了一整套数据,限制了该地区的侵位、退位和晚期交代历史。我们的研究结果揭示了五个阶段的变质作用沿着一个狭窄的顺时针P-T路径,可能已经开始早在620-600 Ma,肯定是由580-560 Ma,根据最古老的一致锆石年龄。岩石在低于7.5 kbar(第1阶段)下加热至>725°C,然后掩埋至约8 kbar(第2阶段)。Byc. 540 Ma时,岩石在约9 kbar下加热至约970°C,并损失约12%的熔体(第3阶段),然后在10 Ma内减压并冷却至约860°C和6.5 kbar下的固相线(第4阶段)。绝大多数独居石和锆石的年龄记录阶段4冷却和折返。独居石和锆石边缘的年龄为年轻的asc。510 Ma记录了亚固相线冷却(第5阶段)和石榴石周围相关的合晶岩形成。金红石U-Pb测年记录了部分重置atc。460 Ma;金红石中的Zr和Nb扩散计时法将这些日期与在~600°C下持续<1 Ma的交代事件联系起来。除了记录马达加斯加南部一个近乎完整的变质作用周期外,这项研究还限制了加热和冷却的速度。我们估计,加热(7-14°C/Ma)超过了合理的辐射加热率,地幔热传导适度。因此,我们得出结论,地幔热传导或幔源岩浆的注入可能有助于区域超低温变质作用(UHTM)。从变质峰期到固相线的折返和冷却速率大于0.45 km/Ma和14°C/Ma。
We present a comprehensive petrological and geochronological study of a single granulite sample from the lithosphere‐scale Beraketa shear zone in southern Madagascar to constrain the orogenic history of Gondwana assembly in this region. The studied sample provides a panoply of data constraining the prograde, retrograde, and late metasomatic history of the region via the application of Ti‐in‐quartz, Ti‐in‐zircon, Zr‐in‐rutile, and Al‐in‐orthopyroxene thermobarometry; phase‐equilibrium modelling; U–Pb monazite, zircon, and rutile petrochronology; and trace element diffusion chronometry in rutile. Our results reveal five stages of metamorphism along a narrow clockwiseP–Tpath that may have begun as early as 620–600 Ma and certainly by 580–560 Ma, based on the oldest concordant zircon dates. The rock was heated to >725°C at less than 7.5 kbar (Stage 1) before burial to ~8 kbar (Stage 2). Byc. 540 Ma, the rock had heated to ~970°C at ~9 kbar, and lost approximately 12% melt (Stage 3), before decompressing and cooling to the solidus at ~860°C and 6.5 kbar within 10 Ma (Stage 4). The vast majority of monazite and zircon dates record Stage 4 cooling and exhumation. Monazite and zircon rim dates as young asc. 510 Ma record subsolidus cooling (Stage 5) and associated symplectite formation around garnet. U–Pb rutile dates record partial resetting atc. 460 Ma; Zr‐ and Nb‐in‐rutile diffusion chronometry link these dates to a metasomatic event that lasted <1 Ma at ~600°C. In addition to chronicling a near‐complete cycle of metamorphism in southern Madagascar, this study constrains the rates of heating and cooling. We estimate that heating (7–14°C/Ma) outpaced reasonable radiogenic heating rates with modest mantle heat conduction. Therefore, we conclude that elevated mantle heat conduction or injection of mantle‐derived magmas likely contributed to regional ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism (UHTM). Exhumation and cooling from peak metamorphic conditions to the solidus occurred at rates greater than 0.45 km/Ma and 14°C/Ma.
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