The buffer stock employment model and the NAIRU: The path to full employment
The buffer stock employment model and the NAIRU: The path to full employment
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DOI：
10.1080/00213624.1998.11506063
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发表时间：
1998-06-01
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Mitchell, WF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mitchell, WF
政府将资源从私人家庭重新分配到公共部门，以推动各种集体行动。理想的政府规模（以及资源再分配的数量）是一个政治选择，而不是一个经济问题。经济学家面临的问题是，一旦政府的规模被接受，政府将如何发挥作用。在本文中，我研究了这一作用，因为它涉及到失业。自20世纪70年代中期以来，几乎每个经合组织国家都普遍存在持续的高失业率。我认为，失业的出现是因为预算赤字相对于私营部门的愿望太小，无法履行其纳税义务，也无法储蓄和持有货币用于交易目的。大规模失业是一种宏观经济现象，永远不可能成为”真实的工资”问题。威廉·维克瑞（William Vickrey）在1996年指出：“赤字不是经济上的罪过，而是经济上的必然。它最重要的功能是成为一种手段，使那些没有用于消费，也没有通过私人创造净资本而再循环为收入的购买力，通过政府借贷和支出而再循环为购买力。购买力如果不这样循环，就会变成不购买、不销售、不生产和失业。20世纪70年代中期的快速通货膨胀给政策制定者留下了不可磨灭的印象，他们成为复兴的新劳动经济学及其宏观经济学对应物货币主义的俘虏。低通胀目标取代了其他政策目标，包括低失业率。这导致经合组织国家的GOP增长普遍低于吸收劳动力增长和劳动生产率提高所需的增长。1、近因
Governments redistribute resources from private households to the public sector to advance a variety of collective actions. The desirable size of the government (and the amount of resources redistributed) is a political choice, rather than an economic issue. The question for economists is how government goes about its role once its scale is accepted. In this paper, I examine this role as it relates to unemployment. High and persistent unemployment has pervaded almost every OECD country since the mid-1970s. I argue that unemployment arises because the budget deficit is too small relative to the desires of the private sector to meet its tax obligations and to save and to hold money for transactions purposes. Mass unemployment is a macroeconomic phenomenon and can never be a" real wage" problem. William Vickrey [1996] argued that" the'deficit'is not an economic sin but an economic necessity. Its most important function is to be the means whereby purchasing power not spent on consumption, nor recycled into income by the private creation of net capital, is recycled into purchasing power by government borrowing and spending. Purchasing power not so recycled becomes non-purchase, non-sales, non-production, and unemployment." The rapid inflation of the mid-1970s left an indelible impression on policymakers who became captives of the resurgent new labor economics and its macroeconomic counterpart, monetarism. The goal of low inflation replaced other policy targets, including low unemployment. This has resulted in GOP growth in OECD countries that has generally been below that necessary to absorb the growth in the labor force in combination with rising labor productivity. 1 The proximate cause of