A behavioural shutdown can make sleeping safer: a strategic perspective on the function of sleep
A behavioural shutdown can make sleeping safer: a strategic perspective on the function of sleep
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.12.007
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Rattenborg, Niels C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lima, Steven L.;Rattenborg, Niels C.
睡眠似乎会影响某种神经维持，但睡眠功能的完整理论必须解决为什么这种维持需要行为关闭（或无意识），使动物容易受到捕食者的伤害。我们提出了一个简单的战略模型，以确定睡眠的程度，最大限度地减少捕食的风险。我们假设大脑是由神经单元组成的，这些神经单元在理论上可以相互独立地“睡眠”，并且给定的神经单元必须离线以进行维护/睡眠。我们还假设检测到攻击的概率取决于清醒的神经单元的比例。我们发现，让所有神经单元同时离线（即关闭睡眠）通常是进行神经维护的最安全方法，即使部分睡眠使捕食者更容易被发现。这个违反直觉的结果反映了这样的假设：在部分睡眠状态下，（1）神经维持需要更长的时间才能完成，（2）捕食者检测的有效性低于在线神经单元的比例。部分睡眠是一种可能的结果，当更多的神经单元离线时，攻击的风险会增加。最小睡眠（只有一个或几个单元离线）是一个可能的结果，当清醒时的攻击率大大高于睡眠时。部分睡眠在某些动物中是已知的，但没有明显的证据证明最小睡眠的想法。(c)2007年动物行为研究协会由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。版权所有。
Sleep appears to effect some sort of neural maintenance, but a complete theory of the function of sleep must address why such maintenance requires a behavioural shutdown (or unconsciousness) that leaves an animal vulnerable to predators. We present a simple, strategic model to determine the degree of sleep that minimizes the risk of predation. We assume that the brain is composed of neural units that can, in theory, 'sleep' independently of each other, and that a given neural unit must go offline for maintenance/sleep. We also assume that the probability of detecting an attack depends on the fraction of neural units that are awake. We found that having all neural units offline simultaneously (i.e. shutdown sleep) is often the safest way to perform neural maintenance, even though partial sleep makes predators more detectable. This counterintuitive result reflects the assumptions that, in a state of partial sleep, (1) neural maintenance takes longer to complete and (2) predator detection is less effective than suggested by the proportion of neural units online. Partial sleep is a possible outcome when the risk of attack increases as more neural units are taken offline. Minimal sleep (with only one or a few units offline) is a possible outcome when the attack rate while awake is substantially higher than when asleep. Partial sleep of a sort is known to occur in some animals, but there is no apparent evidence for the idea of minimal sleep. (c) 2007 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.