Improving Disaster Management: The Role of IT in Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
Improving Disaster Management: The Role of IT in Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
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发表时间：
2007-06
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通讯作者：
T. Schmitt;R. Rao;Jon Eisenberg
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作者：
T. Schmitt;R. Rao;Jon Eisenberg
信息技术有潜力在管理自然灾害和人为灾害方面发挥关键作用。通信基础设施受损，沿着其他通信问题，加剧了卡特里娜飓风后救灾和恢复工作的困难。为了协助政府在这一领域的规划，国会在2002年的《电子政务法》中指示联邦紧急事务管理局（FEMA）请核管制委员会就信息技术在灾害管理中的应用进行研究。本报告描述了灾害管理的特点，为审议信息和通信需求的范围和性质提供了一个框架;提出了信息技术改善灾害管理的潜力的设想;分析了在灾害中获取、采用和有效利用信息技术的结构、组织和其他非技术障碍;并提供了一个研究计划的大纲，旨在加强IT使灾害管理的能力。
Information technology (IT) has the potential to play a critical role in managing natural and human made disasters. Damage to communications infrastructure, along with other communications problems exacerbated the difficulties in carrying out response and recovery efforts following Hurricane Katrina. To assist government planning in this area, the Congress, in the E-government Act of 2002, directed the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to request the NRC to conduct a study on the application of IT to disaster management. This report characterizes disaster management providing a framework for considering the range and nature of information and communication needs; presents a vision of the potential for IT to improve disaster management; provides an analysis of structural, organizational, and other non-technical barriers to the acquisition, adoption, and effective use of IT in disaster; and offers an outline of a research program aimed at strengthening IT-enabled capabilities for disaster management.