Are synthetic glucocorticoids in the aquatic environment a risk to fish?
Are synthetic glucocorticoids in the aquatic environment a risk to fish?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2022.107163
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发表时间：
2022-02-28
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Tyler, Charles R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hamilton, Charles M.;Winter, Matthew J.;Tyler, Charles R.
糖皮质激素或糖皮质激素（GC）系统在脊椎动物中很大程度上是保守的，并且在许多重要的生理过程中起核心作用，包括骨发育、免疫调节和葡萄糖代谢的改变以及应激相关行为的诱导。由于其广泛的作用，合成GC被广泛用于许多人类和兽医治疗目的，因此在水生环境中被广泛检测到。为人类设计的合成GC在非哺乳脊椎动物（包括鱼类）中具有生物活性，但通常在表层沃茨中检测到的浓度较低（纳克/升）。在这篇综述中，我们通过比较现有的实验数据和鱼类与哺乳动物的影响水平来评估合成GC对鱼类的潜在环境风险。我们发现，大多数化合物被预测对鱼类具有微不足道的风险，然而，一些化合物被预测对鱼类具有中度和高度风险，尽管用于该分析的化合物数据集很小。考虑到GC之间表现出的共同作用模式和高水平的种间靶点保护，我们还适当考虑了混合效应的可能性，当考虑这类药物对环境的潜在影响时，这可能特别重要。最后，我们还提供了进一步研究的建议，以更充分地了解这一相对未充分研究的常用人用和兽药组的潜在环境影响。
The glucocorticosteroid, or glucocorticoid (GC), system is largely conserved across vertebrates and plays a central role in numerous vital physiological processes including bone development, immunomodulation, and modification of glucose metabolism and the induction of stress-related behaviours. As a result of their wide-ranging actions, synthetic GCs are widely prescribed for numerous human and veterinary therapeutic purposes and consequently have been detected extensively within the aquatic environment. Synthetic GCs designed for humans are pharmacologically active in non-mammalian vertebrates, including fish, however they are generally detected in surface waters at low (ng/L) concentrations. In this review, we assess the potential environmental risk of synthetic GCs to fish by comparing available experimental data and effect levels in fish with those in mammals. We found the majority of compounds were predicted to have insignificant risk to fish, however some compounds were predicted to be of moderate and high risk to fish, although the dataset of compounds used for this analysis was small. Given the common mode of action and high level of inter-species target conservation exhibited amongst the GCs, we also give due consideration to the potential for mixture effects, which may be particularly significant when considering the potential for environmental impact from this class of pharmaceuticals. Finally, we also provide recommendations for further research to more fully understand the potential environmental impact of this relatively understudied group of commonly prescribed human and veterinary drugs.