Comparison of methanol-based fuel processors for PEM fuel cell systems
Comparison of methanol-based fuel processors for PEM fuel cell systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apcatb.2004.06.024
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发表时间：
2005-03
影响因子：
22.1
通讯作者：
James R. Lattner;M. Harold
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
James R. Lattner;M. Harold
质子交换膜（PEM）燃料电池的部署需要在分布式设施中有效地将燃料转化为氢。甲醇通常被认为是一种燃料来源，因为它以液体的形式储存，可以在相对温和的条件下转化为氢。我们比较了蒸汽重整（SR）、自热重整（ATR）和基于ATR膜反应器的燃料处理器使用商业CuO/ZnO/ al2o3催化剂。在我们的方法中，我们首先优化流程并确定使整个系统效率最大化的反应条件。然后将反应动力学和传热纳入过程效率分析以及每个燃料处理器的体积要求。研究表明，与PEM燃料电池相结合的SR和ATR燃料处理器可实现约50%的总效率（LHV基础），其燃料处理器容量大致相同，分别为29升和22升，净发电量为50kW。ATR燃料处理器需要分布式空气喷射，以避免铜催化剂过热和过量CO的形成。ATR膜反应器在反应器的重整部分结合了相同的特征。ATR膜反应器的主要优点是将燃料处理机的体积减少到13升，以牺牲更复杂的蒸汽系统和整体效率的小幅降低为代价。
The deployment of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells requires efficient conversion of fuels to hydrogen in distributed facilities. Methanol is often considered as a fuel source because it is stored as a liquid and can be reformed to hydrogen at relatively mild conditions. We have compared steam reforming (SR), autothermal reforming (ATR), and ATR membrane reactor based fuel processors using a commercial CuO/ZnO/Al2O3catalyst. In our approach, we first optimize the flowsheet and identify reaction conditions that maximize overall system efficiency. Reaction kinetics and heat transfer are then incorporated into the process efficiency analysis as well as volume requirements for each fuel processor. We show that the SR and ATR fuel processors coupled with a PEM fuel cell achieve about 50% overall efficiency (LHV basis), with roughly equal fuel processor volumes of about 29 and 22 liters for 50kW net power generation, respectively. The ATR fuel processor requires distributed air injection in order to avoid overheating the copper catalyst and the formation of excessive CO. The ATR membrane reactor combines the same features with hydrogen removal in the reforming section of the reactor. The main benefit of the ATR membrane reactor is a reduction of the fuel processor volume to 13 liters, at the expense of a more complex steam system and a small reduction in overall efficiency.