Ethnic and gender differences in psychosocial risk, protection, and adolescent alcohol use.
Ethnic and gender differences in psychosocial risk, protection, and adolescent alcohol use.
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1026599112279
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发表时间：
2000-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Diaz, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Griffin, K W;Scheier, L M;Diaz, T
理论模型表明，许多不同的心理社会因素导致了青少年物质使用的病因。有人认为，物质使用是病因因素总数的函数，而不是特定类型或一组因素的函数。这项研究检验了七年级时测量的累积心理社会风险和保护是否可以预测不同种族青少年样本中九年级的饮酒情况。参与者包括市中心的黑人 (n = 775) 和西班牙裔 (n = 467) 青年以及郊区的白人青年 (n = 708)。与性别相比，饮酒和风险/保护的流行率因种族群体而异。黑人青年报告的危险因素最少，饮酒水平最低；白人青年报告的危险因素最多，饮酒水平最高；西班牙裔青年报告的保护因素最少，饮酒水平中等。尽管存在这些差异，结构方程模型表明，由累积风险、保护及其相互作用组成的潜在因素显着预测了合并样本以及每个种族/性别亚组的后期饮酒情况。然而，不同亚组之间酒精使用所解释的方差比例有所不同，调节分析表明，保护措施显着缓冲了不同亚组之间的风险影响。在市中心的黑人青年中观察到最强的保护作用。研究结果表明，除了降低风险外，预防方法还应注重加强保护，特别是对于心理社会保护水平较低的青少年。
Theoretical models suggest that many diverse psychosocial factors contribute to the etiology of substance use among youth. It has been suggested that substance use is a function of the total number of etiologic factors, rather than a specific type or set of factors. This study examined whether cumulative psychosocial risk and protection measured in the 7th grade predicted alcohol use in the 9th grade across ethnically diverse samples of adolescents. Participants consisted of black (n = 775) and Hispanic (n = 467) inner-city youth and white suburban youth (n = 708). Prevalence rates for alcohol use and risk/protection varied more widely based on ethnic group compared to gender. Black youth reported the fewest risk factors and lowest levels of alcohol use, white youth reported the most risk factors and highest levels of alcohol use, and Hispanic youth reported the fewest protective factors and intermediate levels of alcohol use. Despite these differences, structural equation modeling indicated that a latent factor consisting of cumulative risk, protection, and their interaction significantly predicted later alcohol use for the combined sample as well as for each ethnic/ gender subgroup. However, the proportion of variance explained in alcohol use varied across subgroups, and moderator analyses indicated that protection significantly buffered the effects of risk differentially across subgroups. The strongest protective effects were observed among black inner-city youth. Findings suggest that prevention approaches should focus on enhancing protection in addition to reducing risk, particularly among youth with lower levels of psychosocial protection.