Extracellular small RNAs: what, where, why?
Extracellular small RNAs: what, where, why?
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DOI：
10.1042/bst20120019
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发表时间：
2012-08
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Buck AH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoy AM;Buck AH
MiRNAs(MicroRNAs)是一类小RNA，通过与mRNAs结合并调节在给定时间在细胞中表达的蛋白质的精确数量来调节基因的表达。这种形式的基因调控在发育系统中扮演着重要的角色，对许多生物途径的正常功能至关重要。虽然miRNAs在细胞内发挥其功能，但这些和其他类别的RNA是在体液中发现的，是一种无细胞的形式，可以抵抗RNase的降解。广泛的细胞类型也被证明与RISC(RNA诱导沉默复合体)的成分和/或囊泡内的包裹相关地分泌miRNAs，这些miRNAs可以被其他细胞摄取。本文综述了细胞外miRNAs作为生物标志物的能力、对降解的稳定性和细胞间通讯的介体等方面的特性。
miRNAs (microRNAs) are a class of small RNA that regulate gene expression by binding to mRNAs and modulating the precise amount of proteins that get expressed in a cell at a given time. This form of gene regulation plays an important role in developmental systems and is critical for the proper function of numerous biological pathways. Although miRNAs exert their functions inside the cell, these and other classes of RNA are found in body fluids in a cell-free form that is resistant to degradation by RNases. A broad range of cell types have also been shown to secrete miRNAs in association with components of the RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) and/or encapsulation within vesicles, which can be taken up by other cells. In the present paper, we provide an overview of the properties of extracellular miRNAs in relation to their capacity as biomarkers, stability against degradation and mediators of cell–cell communication.