Cognitive Mechanisms of False Facial Recognition in Older Adults
Cognitive Mechanisms of False Facial Recognition in Older Adults
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DOI：
10.1037/a0024582
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Rapcsak, Steven Z.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edmonds, Emily C.;Glisky, Elizabeth L.;Rapcsak, Steven Z.
与年轻人相比，老年人在涉及面部的识别记忆测试中显示出更高的误报率。有人提出，这种与年龄相关的错误面部识别的增加反映了回忆的不足，以及在做出记忆决定时使用熟悉度的相应增加。为了验证这一假设，我们研究了40名老年人和40名年轻人的面部识别记忆范式的表现，涉及三种不同类型的诱惑，不同程度的熟悉。一个强大的年龄效应被发现，与老年人表现出显着提高误报率相比，年轻的成年人为“熟悉的诱惑”，这是在实验中遇到的脸的精确重复，但在研究列表之外，因此需要准确的回忆上下文信息拒绝。相比之下，对于将研究列表中的面孔重新组合在一起的“连接诱饵”或全新的面孔，错误警报没有年龄差异。总体而言，在老年人中观察到的错误识别错误模式与过度依赖基于熟悉度的反应策略一致。具体而言，在没有回忆的老年人似乎是根据他们的记忆决定项目的熟悉程度，证明了一个线性增加的误报率随着熟悉的诱惑。这些发现支持了这样的观点，即自动记忆过程，如熟悉度，随着年龄的增长保持不变，而更多的控制记忆过程，如回忆，显示出与年龄相关的下降。
Older adults show elevated false alarm rates on recognition memory tests involving faces in comparison to younger adults. It has been proposed that this age-related increase in false facial recognition reflects a deficit in recollection and a corresponding increase in the use of familiarity when making memory decisions. To test this hypothesis, we examined the performance of 40 older adults and 40 younger adults on a face recognition memory paradigm involving three different types of lures with varying levels of familiarity. A robust age effect was found, with older adults demonstrating a markedly heightened false alarm rate in comparison to younger adults for "familiarized lures" that were exact repetitions of faces encountered earlier in the experiment, but outside the study list, and therefore required accurate recollection of contextual information to reject. By contrast, there were no age differences in false alarms to "conjunction lures" that recombined parts of study list faces, or to entirely new faces. Overall, the pattern of false recognition errors observed in older adults was consistent with excessive reliance on a familiarity-based response strategy. Specifically, in the absence of recollection older adults appeared to base their memory decisions on item familiarity, as evidenced by a linear increase in false alarm rates with increasing familiarity of the lures. These findings support the notion that automatic memory processes such as familiarity remain invariant with age, while more controlled memory processes such as recollection show age-related decline.