Taming the torrents: The hydrological impacts of ancient terracing practices in Jordan
Taming the torrents: The hydrological impacts of ancient terracing practices in Jordan
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.09.061
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Abu-Jaber, Nizar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Al Qudah, Khaldoon;Abdelal, Qasem;Abu-Jaber, Nizar
广泛的梯田是纳巴泰佩特拉水和农业管理制度的一个重要组成部分。本文从定性和定量的角度研究了这些阶地的确切作用。对佩特拉流域内两个地点的实地研究和计算机建模表明，这些梯田在减少地表径流方面非常有效。不同的设计特点似乎已经适应，以实现不同的目标，在不同的网站。例如，集水区下游的Beidha地点福尔斯地势较高的奥陶系地斯砂岩地层区。在这里，梯田系统的设计是为了减缓水流和捕获沉积物。梯田化大大减少了通过其后面的桑迪壤土沉积物的截留的地表水流量，另一方面，Baqa 'a遗址福尔斯位于上白垩纪安曼硅化石灰岩地层内的流域上游。这里的梯田系统对径流的影响是显着的，但小于在Beidha看到的。这种系统更适合土壤保持和农业，因为这里的土壤在自然状态下已经具有很高的渗透率。这两个地点的梯田的废弃和废弃导致径流量增加，这一点可以从沟渠的发展和古城核心下游的周期性洪水中得到证明。基于六个模拟的情况下，梯田可以最大限度地减少地面流量的平均28%，与2010年的降水数据时，值高达90%。在佩特拉古城周围的集水区进行深入调查，绘制古代梯田的地图，并恢复其功能，可能会在那里的洪水缓解和控制方面产生重大成果。(C)2016爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Extensive terracing was an important component of the water and agricultural management regime of Nabatean Petra. The exact function(s) of these terraces, qualitatively and quantitatively, is herein investigated. Field studies and computer modeling for two sites within the drainage basin of Petra show that these terraces were highly effective at reducing surface runoff. Different design features seem to have been adapted in order to achieve different objectives at varying sites. For example, the Beidha site in the lower reaches of the catchment area falls within the higher relief Ordovician Disi Sandstone formation area. Here, the terrace system was designed to slow water flow and trap sediments. The terracing greatly reduced surface water flow through the entrapment of sandy loam sediments behind it. On the other hand, the Baqa'a site falls in the upper reaches of the drainage basin within the Upper Cretaceous Amman Silicified Limestone formation. The effect of the terrace system here on runoff is significant, but less than that seen at Beidha. This system was more suited for soil conservation and agriculture, as the soil here in its natural state already had a high infiltration rate. Neglect and abandonment of these terraces at both sites have led to increased runoff, as evidenced by the development of gullies and by periodic flooding downstream in the core of the ancient city. Based on the six modeled cases, terraces can minimize the surface flow by an average of 28%, with values as high as 90% when 2010 precipitation data were used. Conducting an intensive survey within the catchment area surrounding the ancient city of Petra, mapping the ancient terraces, and reviving their function may produce significant results in flood mitigation and control there. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.