Integrating affect and impulsivity: The role of positive and negative urgency in substance use risk.
Integrating affect and impulsivity: The role of positive and negative urgency in substance use risk.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.038
复制
发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Cyders MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith GT;Cyders MA
积极紧迫感和消极紧迫感的人格特质分别指的是在经历异常积极或消极情绪时鲁莽行事的倾向。作者回顾了最近的实证工作测试的紧迫性理论，并认为在理论上的进展与这些特质。实证研究结果表明：（a）紧迫性特质是儿童和年轻人开始使用物质和增加使用物质的特别重要的预测因子;（B）它们似乎部分地通过偏向社会心理学习来运作;（c）青春期开始与消极紧迫感的增加有关，这反过来又预测了青少年饮酒行为的增加;（d）负紧迫性特征水平的变化与所鉴定的脑系统的功能变化相关;以及（e）已知影响相关脑系统的5-羟色胺转运蛋白基因的变化与紧迫性特征的变化有关。最近的一个模型提出，紧迫性特质是对情绪做出反射性反应的倾向的标志，无论是通过冲动行为还是不明智的不作为（后者导致抑郁症状）;这个模型得到了经验的支持。作者讨论了紧迫性研究的新方向。
The personality traits of positive and negative urgency refer to the tendencies to act rashly when experiencing unusually positive or negative emotions, respectively. The authors review recent empirical work testing urgency theory and consider advances in theory related to these traits. Empirical findings indicate that (a) the urgency traits are particularly important predictors of the onset of, and increases in, substance use in both children and young adults; (b) they appear to operate in part by biasing psychosocial learning; (c) pubertal onset is associated with increases in negative urgency, which in turn predict increases in adolescent drinking behavior; (d) variation in negative urgency trait levels are associated with variations in the functioning of an identified brain system; and (e) variations in the serotonin transporter gene, known to influence the relevant brain system, relate to variations in the urgency traits. A recent model proposes the urgency traits to be markers of a tendency to respond reflexively to emotion, whether through impulsive action or ill-advised inaction (the latter leading to depressive symptoms); this model has received empirical support. The authors discuss new directions for research on the urgency traits.