Physiology of mycobacteria.
Physiology of mycobacteria.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0065-2911(09)05502-7
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Niederweis, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cook, Gregory M.;Berney, Michael;Gebhard, Susanne;Heinemann, Matthias;Cox, Robert A.;Danilchanka, Olga;Niederweis, Michael
“自从第一个分枝杆菌被分离出来以来，现在已经有100年了。具有讽刺意味的是，这是麻风杆菌，麻风分枝杆菌，即使在今天仍然抵制在实验室中培养它的所有尝试。结核杆菌M.结核病直到八年后才被发现，此后一直是深入调查的对象。对分枝杆菌的广泛兴趣当然源于它们引起的疾病，并且，为了避免人们想象结核病是一种现在已经被大部分征服的疾病，而麻风病相对罕见，目前估计当今世界上结核病和麻风病病例的数量分别为20，000，000和11，000，000。每年的估计死亡率同样惊人，为3，000，000人（世界卫生组织，1974年）。还引起不安的是，继续从结核病患者中分离出对一种或多种化学治疗剂已有抗药性的菌株”。C..结核分枝杆菌是一种原养型、代谢灵活的细菌，其在人群中的传播是任何其他细菌病原体所无法比拟的。M的成功。结核病作为一种病原体可归因于其非凡的隐蔽性和在整个感染过程中适应环境变化的能力。这些变化包括：营养缺乏、缺氧、各种外源性应激条件，以及在致病物种的情况下，吞噬体内环境。对M.在这个过程中，结核病的治疗受到细菌在实验室中缓慢生长和其他技术问题如细胞聚集的限制。基因组学和分子生物学方法研究进展。结核病基因组的研究表明，适应性变化是由复杂的调控网络和信号介导的，导致时间基因表达与代谢和能量变化相耦合。细菌生理学家的一个重要目标是阐明M.结核病之间的过渡期间所遇到的各种条件M。结核本文综述了分枝杆菌细胞的生长以及这种细菌如何感受环境刺激。从养分获取、能量产生和调节的角度描述了对不同环境的适应。为了获得定量的了解分枝杆菌的生理学将需要一个系统生物学的方法和最近在这方面的努力进行了讨论。
“It is now 100 years since the first mycobacterium was isolated by. Somewhat ironically, this was the leprosy bacillus, Mycobacterium leprae, which even today is still resisting all attempts to cultivate it in the laboratory. The tubercle bacillus, M. tuberculosis was not discovered until eight years later and this has remained an object of intensive investigation ever since. The widespread interest in the mycobacteria of course stems from the diseases they cause and, lest it be imagined that tuberculosis is a disease which has now been largely conquered and that leprosy is of relatively rare occurrence, current estimates for the number of case of tuberculosis and leprosy in the world today are 20,000,000 and 11,000,000, respectively. The annual estimated mortality rate is equally dramatic, namely 3,000,000 (World Health Organization, 1974). Also causing unease is the continuing isolation from tubercular patients of strains already resistant to one or more chemotherapeutic agent”. C.. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a prototrophic, metabolically flexible bacterium that has achieved a spread in the human population that is unmatched by any other bacterial pathogen. The success of M. tuberculosis as a pathogen can be attributed to its extraordinary stealth and capacity to adapt to environmental changes throughout the course of infection. These changes include: nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, various exogenous stress conditions and, in the case of the pathogenic species, the intraphagosomal environment. Knowledge of the physiology of M. tuberculosis during this process has been limited by the slow growth of the bacterium in the laboratory and other technical problems such as cell aggregation. Advances in genomics and molecular methods to analyse the M. tuberculosis genome have revealed that adaptive changes are mediated by complex regulatory networks and signals, resulting in temporal gene expression coupled to metabolic and energetic changes. An important goal for bacterial physiologists will be to elucidate the physiology of M. tuberculosis during the transition between the diverse conditions encountered by M. tuberculosis. This review covers the growth of the mycobacterial cell and how environmental stimuli are sensed by this bacterium. Adaptation to different environments is described from the viewpoint of nutrient acquisition, energy generation and regulation. To gain quantitative understanding of mycobacterial physiology will require a systems biology approach and recent efforts in this area are discussed.