Diaphragm long-term facilitation following acute intermittent hypoxia during wakefulness and sleep.
Diaphragm long-term facilitation following acute intermittent hypoxia during wakefulness and sleep.
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清醒和睡眠期间急性间歇性缺氧后隔膜长期促进。
DOI：
10.1152/japplphysiol.00055.2011
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mitchell,GS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Terada,J;Mitchell,GS
急性间歇性缺氧（AIH）引起一种称为长期促进（LTF）的呼吸可塑性。在此，我们用无线遥测法对未麻醉、自发呼吸的大鼠进行脑电图和膈肌电图（Dia EMG）活动测试了四种假设：1)AIH诱导Dia EMG活动中的LTF；2)膈肌LTF （Dia LTF）在睡眠和清醒时更为强健；3) AIH（或重复性AIH）破坏自然的睡眠-觉醒结构；4)每日AIH预处理7 d可提高Dia LTF。监测AIH前（60分钟）、期间和之后（60分钟）的睡眠-觉醒状态和Dia肌电图（10次，5分钟缺氧发作，5分钟正常缺氧间隔，n = 9）、时间控制（持续正常缺氧，n = 8）和AIH后dAIH预处理7天（n = 7）。分析静醒（QW）、快速眼动（REM）和非快速眼动（NREM）睡眠期间的Dia EMG活动，并将其归一化为相同状态下aih前的值。在非快速眼动睡眠期间，aih后0-60 min膈肌振幅（25.1±4.6%）、频率（16.4±4.7%）和膈肌分钟活动（振幅×频率；45.2±6.6%）高于基线（均p < 0.05）。该Dia LTF在QW期间较弱，在REM睡眠期间不显著。dAIH预处理对LTF无显著影响（P < 0.05）。我们的结论是：1)AIH在非快速眼动睡眠和清醒期间诱导Dia LTF；2)非快速眼动睡眠时，Dia LTF比QW高，在快速眼动睡眠时消失；3) AIH和重复性AIH破坏自然睡眠模式；4) Dia LTF不受dAIH影响。脊髓泵肌在睡眠和清醒时的可塑性表明在呼吸的神经控制中起重要作用。
Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) elicits a form of respiratory plasticity known as long-term facilitation (LTF). Here, we tested four hypotheses in unanesthetized, spontaneously breathing rats using radiotelemetry for EEG and diaphragm electromyography (Dia EMG) activity:1) AIH induces LTF in Dia EMG activity;2) diaphragm LTF (Dia LTF) is more robust during sleepvs.wakefulness;3) AIH (or repetitive AIH) disrupts natural sleep-wake architecture; and4) preconditioning with daily AIH (dAIH) for 7 days enhances Dia LTF. Sleep-wake states and Dia EMG were monitored before (60 min), during, and after (60 min) AIH (10, 5-min hypoxic episodes, 5-min normoxic intervals; n = 9), time control (continuous normoxia, n = 8), and AIH following dAIH preconditioning for 7 days (n = 7). Dia EMG activities during quiet wakefulness (QW), rapid eye movement (REM), and non-REM (NREM) sleep were analyzed and normalized to pre-AIH values in the same state. During NREM sleep, diaphragm amplitude (25.1 ± 4.6%), frequency (16.4 ± 4.7%), and minute diaphragm activity (amplitude × frequency; 45.2 ± 6.6%) increased above baseline 0–60 min post-AIH (allP< 0.05). This Dia LTF was less robust during QW and insignificant during REM sleep. dAIH preconditioning had no effect on LTF (P> 0.05). We conclude that1) AIH induces Dia LTF during NREM sleep and wakefulness;2) Dia LTF is greater in NREM sleep vs. QW and is abolished during REM sleep;3) AIH and repetitive AIH disrupt natural sleep patterns; and4) Dia LTF is unaffected by dAIH. The capacity for plasticity in spinal pump muscles during sleep and wakefulness suggests an important role in the neural control of breathing.