Cannabis and psychomotor performance: A rational review of the evidence and implications for public policy
Cannabis and psychomotor performance: A rational review of the evidence and implications for public policy
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DOI：
10.1002/dta.1404
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Armentano, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Armentano, Paul
关于大麻法改革的公共政策辩论，例如围绕限制将植物用于治疗目的的辩论，或更广泛的成人个人非医疗大麻消费合法化和监管问题，总是会引发这样一个问题：“社会如何解决公众对大麻消费和驾驶日益增长的担忧？”这一主题值得回应，特别是那些倡导各种形式的大麻自由化和监管的人。 1996 年，国家大麻法改革组织 (NORML) 董事会承认反对在大麻影响下驾驶机动车辆的概念，并批准了该组织“负责任的大麻使用原则”中严格的“禁止驾驶”条款。该条款规定，“尽管大多数专家认为大麻对驾车者来说比酒精和许多处方药更安全，但负责任的大麻消费者绝不会在受损状态下驾驶机动车辆。”[1]然而，关于大麻中毒在多大程度上影响精神运动表现以及大麻消费在道路交通事故中可能发挥何种作用，仍然存在疑问。[2]关于实施明智和有效的公共政策以更好地识别受大麻影响的驾驶行为并在理想情况下阻止人们参与这一活动的问题也仍然存在。本文将尝试总结许多现有的当代文献，以便更好地解决这些问题，并为社会如何更好地实施理性和基于证据的政策提供建议，以解决和阻止大麻影响的驾驶行为。
Public policy debates regarding cannabis law reform, such as those surrounding the limited use of the plant for therapeutic purposes or the broader issue of legalizing and regulating personal, non-medical cannabis consumption by adults, invariably invoke the question:‘How does society address the public’s growing concerns about cannabis consumption and driving?’The subject is one that warrants a response, particularly by those advocating for various forms of cannabis liberalization and regulation. In 1996, the Board of Directors of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) acknowledged its opposition to the notion of operating of a motor vehicle while under the influence cannabis, ratifying a strict ‘no driving’clause to the organization’s ‘Principles of Responsible Cannabis Use’. This provision states,‘Although cannabis is said by most experts to be safer with motorists than alcohol and many prescription drugs, responsible cannabis consumers never operate motor vehicles in an impaired condition.’[1] Nevertheless, questions remain regarding the extent to which cannabis intoxication influences psychomotor performance and to what degree cannabis consumption may play a role in on-road traffic accidents.[2] Questions also persist regarding the implementation of sensible and effective public policies to better identify cannabis-influenced driving behaviour and, ideally, to deter persons from engaging in this activity. This paper will attempt to summarize much of the available contemporary literature in order to better address these concerns and provide suggestions for ways society can better implement rational and evidence-based policies to address and deter cannabisinfluenced driving behaviour.