Macroscopic streamer growths in acidic, metal-rich mine waters in north wales consist of novel and remarkably simple bacterial communities
Macroscopic streamer growths in acidic, metal-rich mine waters in north wales consist of novel and remarkably simple bacterial communities
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.72.3.2022-2030.2006
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Johnson, DB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hallberg, KB;Coupland, K;Johnson, DB
使用基于培养的生物分子技术研究了北威尔士两个地点（一个废弃的铜矿和一个铁矿温泉）酸性富含金属水中的酸带（宏观生物膜）的微生物组成。已知的化能自养型和异养型嗜酸菌很容易从破坏的飘带中分离出来，但它们仅占存在的微生物总数的<1%至7%。荧光原位杂交 (FISH) 显示两种类型的飘带中 80% 至 90% 的微生物都是 β-变形菌。对拖带的末端限制性片段长度多态性分析表明，单一细菌种类在铜矿拖带中占主导地位，而两种不同的细菌（其中一种与铜矿拖带中发现的细菌相同）约占温泉水中拖带的 90%。 16S rRNA基因克隆文库表明，在这两个地点发现的β-变形菌与之前在加利福尼亚州酸性矿山排水中检测到的克隆密切相关，并且其最接近的特征亲缘关系是中性粒细胞铵氧化剂。使用改良的分离技术，从铜矿拖带中分离出这种细菌，并证明它是一种新型的嗜酸性自养铁氧化剂。仅在水疗飘带中发现的β-变形菌与中性粒细胞铁氧化剂Gallionella ferruginea 密切相关。使用针对两种 β-变形菌的寡核苷酸探针进行的 FISH 分析证实，这两个地点的飘带生物多样性非常有限。在北威尔士的两个地点发现的酸飘带的微生物组成与之前描述的在加利福尼亚铁山和西班牙力拓发现的酸飘带的微生物组成非常不同。
The microbial composition of acid streamers (macroscopic biofilms) in acidic, metal-rich waters in two locations (an abandoned copper mine and a chalybeate spa) in north Wales was studied using cultivation-based and biomolecular techniques. Known chemolithotrophic and heterotrophic acidophiles were readily isolated from disrupted streamers, but they accounted for only < 1 to 7% of the total microorganisms present. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that 80 to 90% of the microbes in both types of streamers were beta-Proteobacteria. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the streamers suggested that a single bacterial species was dominant in the copper mine streamers, while two distinct bacteria (one of which was identical to the bacterium found in the copper mine streamers) accounted for about 90% of the streamers in the spa water. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries showed that the beta-proteobacterium found in both locations was closely related to a clone detected previously in acid mine drainage in California and that its closest characterized relatives were neutrophilic ammonium oxidizers. Using a modified isolation technique, this bacterium was isolated from the copper mine streamers and shown to be a novel acidophilic autotrophic iron oxidizer. The beta-proteobacterium found only in the spa streamers was closely related to the neutrophilic iron oxidizer Gallionella ferruginea. FISH analysis using oligonucleotide probes that targeted the two beta-proteobacteria confirmed that the biodiversity of the streamers in both locations was very limited. The microbial compositions of the acid streamers found at the two north Wales sites are very different from the microbial compositions of the previously described acid streamers found at Iron Mountain, California, and the Rio Tinto, Spain.