The molecular anatomy of dynein.
The molecular anatomy of dynein.
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动力蛋白的分子解剖学。
DOI：
10.1042/bse0350075
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
King,SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harrison,A;King,SM
动力蛋白发挥分子马达的作用，利用三磷酸腺苷的水解产生的能量转移到微管的负端。自从最初在纤毛四膜虫和海胆精子鞭毛中发现动力蛋白是一种ATPase以来，这些酶及其组分被认为参与了多种过程，如有丝分裂、哺乳动物发育过程中的左右不对称、精子发育、膜细胞器的运动、视紫红质的运输和鞭毛内的运输。传统上，动力蛋白主要根据亚细胞定位分为三大类：鞭毛内外臂动力蛋白和细胞质动力蛋白。所有这些酶都参与了相对于微管的力的产生(图1)。内臂和外臂动力蛋白通过在相邻微管之间产生不同的侧向力来产生复杂的鞭毛波形。外臂在总力中占相当大的比例，而内臂负责波形的精细控制。相反，细胞质动力蛋白的作用要多样得多。它参与细胞器和极性决定因素的运动，以及轴突的逆行运输和高尔基体的维持。细胞质动力蛋白也是交联体
Dyneins act as molecular motors using energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP to translocate towards the minus-end of microtubules. From the initial identification of dynein as an ATPase in Tetrahymena cilia and sea urchin sperm flagella, these enzymes and their components are now known or suggested to be involved in such varied processes as mitosis, left–right asymmetry during mammalian development, sperm development, the movement of membranous organelles, rhodopsin trafficking and intraflagellar transport. Classically, dyneins can be divided into three major classes dependent primarily on subcellular localization: these are the dyneins of the inner and outer arms of flagella, and cytoplasmic dynein. All of these enzymes are involved in the generation of force relative to a microtubule (Figure 1). Inner-and outer-arm dyneins generate complex flagellar waveforms by producing differential lateral forces between adjacent microtubules. The outer arms transduce a substantial proportion of the total force, while the inner arms are responsible for the fine control of the waveform. Conversely, cytoplasmic dynein has a much more varied role. It is involved in the movement of organelles and polarity determinants as well as retrograde transport in axons and maintenance of the Golgi apparatus. Cytoplasmic dynein also cross-links