Are Liquid Metals Bulk Conductors?
Are Liquid Metals Bulk Conductors?
复制标题
液态金属是体导体吗？
DOI：
10.1002/adma.202109427
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Kramer‐Bottiglio, Rebecca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sanchez‐Botero, Lina;Shah, Dylan S.;Kramer‐Bottiglio, Rebecca
可拉伸电子产品在广泛的应用中具有潜力，包括可穿戴设备，个人健康监测和软机器人。可拉伸电子产品的许多最新进展利用了液态金属，特别是共晶镓铟（EGaIn）。已经报道了各种EGaIn机电行为，从体导体响应到有效的应变不敏感响应。然而，在整个文献中使用了许多测量技术，使得难以直接比较各种拟议的制剂。在这里，在文献中发现的EGaIn的机电响应进行审查和纯EGaIn的研究使用三种电阻测量技术：四点探针，两点探针，惠斯通电桥。结果表明，三种方法之间的测量机电行为的实质性差异，这在很大程度上可以通过校正对应于测量电路的各个部分的电阻的固定偏移来解释。然而，即使考虑到这些实验误差的来源中的几个，发现EGaIn的电阻的平均相对变化低于由通常使用的体导体假设（称为Pouillet定律）预测的。基于最近的理论在文献中提出的，可能的解释的差异进行了讨论。最后，对实验设计提出了建议，以使研究具有可重复性和可解释性。
Stretchable electronics have potential in wide‐reaching applications including wearables, personal health monitoring, and soft robotics. Many recent advances in stretchable electronics leverage liquid metals, particularly eutectic gallium‐indium (EGaIn). A variety of EGaIn electromechanical behaviors have been reported, ranging from bulk conductor responses to effectively strain‐insensitive responses. However, numerous measurement techniques have been used throughout the literature, making it difficult to directly compare the various proposed formulations. Here, the electromechanical responses of EGaIn found in the literature is reviewed and pure EGaIn is investigated using three electrical resistance measurement techniques: four point probe, two point probe, and Wheatstone bridge. The results indicate substantial differences in measured electromechanical behavior between the three methods, which can largely be accounted for by correcting for a fixed offset corresponding to the resistances of various parts of the measurement circuits. Yet, even accounting for several of these sources of experimental error, the average relative change in resistance of EGaIn is found to be lower than that predicted by the commonly used bulk conductor assumption, referred to as Pouillet's law. Building upon recent theories proposed in the literature, possible explanations for the discrepancies are discussed. Finally, suggestions are provided on experimental design to enable reproducible and interpretable research.