Zinc in Infection and Inflammation.
Zinc in Infection and Inflammation.
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DOI：
10.3390/nu9060624
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发表时间：
2017-06-17
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Rink L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gammoh NZ;Rink L
营养素稳态是维持健康免疫系统的关键因素。锌是一种必需的微量营养素，参与先天性和适应性免疫反应的调节。锌缺乏的主要原因是营养不良。锌缺乏导致细胞介导的免疫功能障碍等表现。因此，这种功能障碍导致对细菌感染和脓毒症的反应的更差结果。例如，锌是病原体消除信号转导途径的重要组成部分，导致中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NET）的形成，以及通过调节特异性分化因子诱导细胞介导的免疫超过体液免疫。此外，锌缺乏在炎症中起作用，主要是提高炎症反应以及对宿主组织的损伤。锌通过靶向核因子κ B（NF-κB）参与促炎反应的调节，NF-κB是促炎反应的主要调节因子。它还参与控制氧化应激和调节炎性细胞因子。锌在免疫反应中起着复杂的作用，其稳态对于维持适当的免疫功能至关重要。本文将总结最新的研究结果，在感染和炎症反应过程中，这种微量营养素的作用，以及免疫系统如何调节锌依赖于不同的刺激。
Micronutrient homeostasis is a key factor in maintaining a healthy immune system. Zinc is an essential micronutrient that is involved in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses. The main cause of zinc deficiency is malnutrition. Zinc deficiency leads to cell-mediated immune dysfunctions among other manifestations. Consequently, such dysfunctions lead to a worse outcome in the response towards bacterial infection and sepsis. For instance, zinc is an essential component of the pathogen-eliminating signal transduction pathways leading to neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation, as well as inducing cell-mediated immunity over humoral immunity by regulating specific factors of differentiation. Additionally, zinc deficiency plays a role in inflammation, mainly elevating inflammatory response as well as damage to host tissue. Zinc is involved in the modulation of the proinflammatory response by targeting Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), a transcription factor that is the master regulator of proinflammatory responses. It is also involved in controlling oxidative stress and regulating inflammatory cytokines. Zinc plays an intricate function during an immune response and its homeostasis is critical for sustaining proper immune function. This review will summarize the latest findings concerning the role of this micronutrient during the course of infections and inflammatory response and how the immune system modulates zinc depending on different stimuli.